Classification of Living Hexapod Orders

1. Classification of Living Hexapod Orders Class Hexapoda (“six-legged” animals) • “Entognatha” (entognathous apterygotes) (3 orders) • Insecta(“ectognatha” or insects) (28 orders) • “Apterygota” (ectognathous apterygote) (2 orders) • Innovation: wings • Pterygota(winged insects) (26 orders) • “Paleoptera” (“ancient-winged” insects) (2 orders) • Innovation: wing folding • Neoptera(“new-winged” insects) (24 orders) • “Exopterygota” (“external-winged” insects) (15 orders) • Innovation: complete metamorphosis • Endopterygota(“internal-winged” insects = holometabola) (9 orders)

2. Order Orthoptera

3. Orthoptera (head) • hypognathous • eyes usu. present • ocelli usu. present • antennae present, shap & length various

4. Orthoptera (thorax) • pronotum large, shield-like pronotum

5. Orthoptera (thorax) • 2 pairs wings usu. present tegmen, -ina

6. Orthoptera (thorax) hind leg

7. Orthoptera (abdomen) • 10-11 segmented • cerci present, 1-segmented • ovipositor present • auditory organ

8. Orthoptera (suborders) Caelifera Ensifera • antenna usu. <30 seg. usu. > 30 seg. • antenna length < body length usu. > body • tarsi 3 or less 3 or 4 • sound prod. legs & wings or forewingsorgans legs & abdomen • hearing abdomen seg. 1 base of foretibiaorgans (when present) • ovipositor not exserted usu. exserted, blade- or needle-like

9. Orthoptera (Sound Production) Caelifera file

10. Orthoptera (Sound Production) Ensifera file scraper right wing left wing ventral view

11. Orthoptera (Sound Production) file file teeth wings, ventral view

12. Orthoptera (Sound Production) file & scraper system

13. Orthoptera (Sound Production) “pulse” “syllable” “echeme”

14. Orthoptera (Sound Production) time file wingsclosed wingsopening wings closing “pulse” “syllable”

15. Orthoptera (Sound Production) “echemes” in red

16. Orthoptera (Sound Reception) Caelifera auditory organ

17. Orthoptera (Sound Reception) Ensifera auditory organ

18. Orthoptera (life cycle) “reversed” wing pads

19. Orthoptera (life cycle) feeding on spermatophore spermatophore

20. Orthoptera (life cycle) Caelifera Ensifera

21. Orthoptera (biology/ecology)

22. Orthoptera (biology/ecology)

23. Orthoptera (biology/ecology)

24. Orthoptera (fauna) • World Fauna • ca. 30 families • >20,000 species • North American Fauna • 16 families • Acrididae (lab) • Tetrigidae (lab) • Tridactylidae (lab) • Stenopelmatidae • Rhaphidophoridae (lab) • Tettigoniidae (lab) • Gryllidae (lab) • Gryllotalpidae (lab) • ca. 1200 species

25. Orthoptera : Acrididae

26. Orthoptera : Tetrigidae

27. Orthoptera : Tridactylidae

28. Orthoptera : Rhaphidophoridae

29. Orthoptera : Tettigoniidae

30. Orthoptera : Gryllidae

31. Orthoptera : Gryllotalpidae

32. Orthoptera : Gryllotalpidae

33. Order Orthoptera FINIS

34. Order Odonata The following families were not treated in 2007 because of the late start for the course; consider later whether these should be readded in future years

35. Orthoptera : Stenopelmatidae

36. Order Odonata End of families not treated in 2007 because of the late start for the course

37. Order Orthoptera

38. Orthoptera (biology/ecology)

39. Order Orthoptera

40. Order Orthoptera

41. Order Orthoptera

42. Orthoptera (Sound Production & Reception)

43. Orthoptera : Gryllacrididae orth0040 Ceuthophilus sp. Borror et al 1989:222 (40)

44. Orthoptera : Gryllidae orth0046 Lepidogryllus sp. orth0047 Bobilla sp. orth0045 Oecanthus sp. CSIRO 1991:385 (45-47)

45. Orthoptera : Gryllotalpidae orth0029 Scapteriscus acletus singing burrow orth0028 Gryllotalpa vineae singing burrow Chapman 1982:681 (28); Gullan & Cranston 1994:102 (29)

46. Order Orthoptera

47. Order Orthoptera

48. Order Orthoptera

49. Order Orthoptera

50. Order Orthoptera orth0002 orth0001 Otte 1981:8 (2), 20 (1)