1 / 22

2 nd Lecture

2 nd Lecture. Parvovirus B19 or Erythrovirus B19 Erythroviruses belong to the  family Parvoviridae (small DNA viruses) non-enveloped , icosahedral virus that contains a linear SS DNA genome

alka
Download Presentation

2 nd Lecture

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. 2nd Lecture

  2. Parvovirus B19 orErythrovirus B19 • Erythroviruses belong to the  family Parvoviridae (small DNA viruses) • non-enveloped, icosahedral virus that contains a linear SS DNA genome • It is classifiedas erythrovirus because it invades red blood cell precursors in the bone marrow Viral Myocarditis

  3. Transmission • The virus is primarily transmitted by respiratory secretions; but also vertical and through blood transfusion. • Parvovirus B19 causes infection in humans only

  4. Fifth disease • Fifth disease or erythema infectiosum (fifth pink-red infectious rash) or slapped cheeks disease. •  incubation period: four to fourteen days • Symptoms: fever, runny nose, headache then a red rash appear in the face and may spread to other parts. • In adults, parvovirus B19 may lead to autoimmune arthritis due to formation of circulating virion-antibodies complexes

  5. Child showing signs of erythema infectiosum 16-month-old with erythema infectiosum The "slapped cheek" appearance typical of fifth disease

  6. Most patients have normal erythropoiesis (production of red blood cells) during the infection; but sickle cell anemia and hereditary spherocytosis patients develop dangerous reticulocytopenia (aplastic crises).

  7. Family: Picornaviridae • Genus: Enterovirus • Non enveloped, linear, positive-sense ss RNA viruses. • Two groups: A &B • Enteroviruses are transmitted predominantlyvia fecal-oral route Coxsackievirus Coxsackievirus

  8. Group B, and to a lesser extent Group A was the main viral causes of acute myocarditis, and pericarditis • The virus invades the pharynx or gut wall to the lymphatics and then to the blood • Invasion of striated muscle, heart or pericardium takes place across small blood vessels and results in acute inflammation of the myofibrils • causing chronic myocarditis, and dilated cardiomyopathy Coxsackievirus group (B) and (A)

  9. Symptoms include: fever, headache, sore throat, GIT disturbance, chest and muscle pain • group A tend to infect skin and mucous membranes, causing herpangina, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, and hand foot and mouth disease • Group Btend to infect the heart, pleura and pancreas, causing pleurodynia, myocarditisandpericarditis. • Both group A and B can cause upper respiratory tract disease, and aseptic meningitis.

  10. Other viral infections could be complicated by myocarditis and pericarditis: HIV,  Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Human herpes virus 6 infections

  11. Syphilis • Caused by: Treponema pallidum. • Transmission: sexually, transplacental, vertical, blood transfusion • Bacteriology: • Thin spirochaete, gram negativewith axial filaments (endoflagella) • Can not be cultivated in vitro; sero-diagnosis Bacterial Myocarditis Treponema pallidum

  12. Pathogenesis of myocarditis happens in the tertiary syphilis • anti-Cardiolipin antibodies in patient serum; • aortic lesions, and Heart failure, • Cell mediated hypersensitivity

  13. Borrelia burgdorferi:  Gram negative, spirochete. • Lyme disease is a zoonotic, vector-bornedisease transmitted by ticks of the genus Ixodes • The microbe is transmitted from lymph nodes through lymphatic vessels and blood stream to cardiac muscle and CNS • Weeks to months after the tick bite the second stage begins with myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, meningitis, and neuropathies Lyme disease: Borrelia burgdorferi Borrelia burgdorferi

  14. Other bacteria that involved in bacterial Myocarditis are • Brucella • Corynebacterium diphtheriae • Neisseria gonorrhoeae • Haemophilus influenzae • Actinomyces • Vibrio cholerae • Leptospira • Rickettsia Other Bacterial Myocarditis

  15. Aspergillosis • Aspergillosis develops mainly in individuals who are immunocompromised • The most common forms are allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, pulmonaryaspergilloma, and invasive aspergillosis Fungal infection Aspergillusfumigatus Pulmonary aspergillosis

  16. Trichinella spiralis • Is a nematode , infect rats, pigs, bears and humans, and is responsible for the disease trichinosis • Humans typically become infected when they eat improperly cooked pork or Trichinella infected meat • FemaleTrichinella worms live for about six weeks, and in that time can produce up to 1,500 larvae • Larvae may migrate with blood to cardiac muscle causing myocarditis Parasitic Myocarditis

  17. Suspected on the basis of electrocardiographic (ECG) results, elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and/or Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and increased IgM (serology) against viruses known to affect the myocardium • Markers of myocardial damage (Troponin or Creatine kinase cardiac isoenzymes) are elevated • A small tissue sample of the endocardium and myocardium is taken, and investigated by a pathologist by light microscopy and (if necessary) Immunochemistry and special staining methods Diagnosis of Myocarditis

  18. extensive eosinophilic infiltrate involvingthe endocardium and myocardium myocarditis at autopsy in a patient with acute onset of congestive heart failure (Necrosis and infiltration)

More Related