INTRODUCTION TO ANIMALS

1. INTRODUCTION TOANIMALS Chapters 26-33

2. Animal Basics • 4 Defining Characteristics • Morphology (animal bodies) • Invertebrates versus vertebrates

3. 4 DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS: • 1. eukaryotic, multi-cellular (no cell walls) • 2. heterotrophic • 3. sexual reproduction and development • 4. movement

4. Morphology • Symmetry • Radial • Bilateral • Germ Layers • Endo, meso and ectoderm • Body Cavities • aka Coelem

5. Morphology (continued) • A closer look at bilateral body symmetry • Anatomy terms

6. Morphology (continued) • Cephalization – concentration of sensory and brain structures in anterior region

7. Morphology (continued) • A closer look at germ layers and body cavities • Animals are either • Acoelomates: no body cavity • Pseudocoelomates: false body cavity • Coelomates: true body cavity

9. INVERTEBRATES Animals without Backbones 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

10. REVIEW: ANIMALS CHARACTERISTICS: • 1. • 2. • 3. • 4.

11. REVIEW: ANIMALS CHARACTERISTICS: • 1. eukaryotic, multi-cellular (no cell walls) • 2. heterotrophic • 3. sexual reproduction and development • 4. movement

12. PORIFERA • Phylum of _____________ • Digestion, circulation, excretion, and gas exchange by ___________________ • Body support by ____________ • No tissues • Sexual and asexual reproduction • May have evolved from colonial protists

13. PORIFERA • Phylum of sponges • Digestion, circulation, excretion, and gas exchange by amebocytes • Body support by spongin • No tissues • Sexual and asexual reproduction • May have evolved from colonial protists

14. CNIDARIANS • Jellyfish, coral, Hydra, sea anemone, sea fans • Polyp and medusa body forms • __________ symmetry • Tentacles with _________cells • ____________cavity with one opening for digestion • Simple ________ ___ in the outer epidermis to sense the environment • Asexual reproduction by ________and sexual reproduction

15. CNIDARIANS • Jellyfish, coral, Hydra, sea anemone, sea fans • Polyp and medusa body forms • Radial symmetry • Tentacles with stinging cells • Gastrovascular cavity with one opening for digestion • Simple nerve net in the outer epidermis to sense the environment • Asexual reproduction by budding and sexual reproduction

17. PLATYHELMINTHES • Flatworms: planarian, tapeworm, and flukes • _____________ symmetry • _______________ cavity with 1 opening • True muscle tissue • Ganglia and ____________ nerve cords • Asexual fragmentation and _____________ and sexual reproduction • Gas exchange by _______ through body wall • Acoelomate

18. PLATYHELMINTHES • Flatworms: planarian, tapeworm, and flukes • Bilateral symmetry • Gastrovascular cavity with 1 opening • True muscle tissue • Ganglia and ventral nerve cords • Asexual fragmentation and regeneration and sexual reproduction • Gas exchange by diffusion through body wall • Acoelomate

19. NEMATODA • Roundworms: hookworm, pinworm, heartworm, Trichinella, rotifers, soil nematodes • ________ digestive tract with mouth and anus • ________________ which transports nutrients • Gas exchange through _______ body wall • Sexual reproduction

20. NEMATODA • Roundworms: hookworm, pinworm, heartworm, Trichinella, rotifers, soil nematodes • Complete digestive tract with mouth and anus • Pseudocoelom which transports nutrients • Gas exchange through moist body wall • Sexual reproduction

21. ANNELIDA • ______________ worms: earthworm, sandworm, and leech • Coelomate • ________ circulatory system • Many body systems • _______ sets of muscles • Sexual reproduction; most are ________________

22. ANNELIDA • Segmented worms: earthworm, sandworm, and leech • Coelomate • Closed circulatory system • Many body systems • Two sets of muscles • Sexual reproduction; most are hermaphrodites

23. Mollusks: snails, sea slugs; bivalves such as clams, scallops, oysters, and mussels; octopus, squid, and chambered nautilus (cephalopods) All have a __________ _____ and a _____ that produces a shell in most species _________ circulatory system Gas exchange by _______ in mantle cavity in water forms or mantle cavity serves as a ________ in land forms MOLLUSCA

24. Mollusks: snails, sea slugs; bivalves such as clams, scallops, oysters, and mussels; octopus, squid, and chambered nautilus (cephalopods) All have a muscular foot and a mantle that produces a shell in most species Open circulatory system Gas exchange by gills in mantle cavity in water forms or mantle cavity serves as a lung in land forms MOLLUSCA

25. ARTHROPODA • Insects, crustaceans, spiders (Arachnids), centipedes, millipedes • ___________of protein and chitin; _____ appendages • _________ circulatory system • ________________ tubules in insects and arachnids remove liquid wastes • ____________ _______and/or book lungs in terrestrial forms; gills in aquatic species for gas exchange • _______eyes and antennae in many forms • Sexual reproduction with separate sexes and _____________ fertilization

26. ARTHROPODA • Insects, crustaceans, spiders (Arachnids), centipedes, millipedes • Exoskeleton of protein and chitin; jointed appendages • Open circulatory system • Malpighian tubules in insects and arachnids remove liquid wastes • Tracheal tubes and/or book lungs in terrestrial forms; gills in aquatic species for gas exchange • Compound eyes and antennae in many forms • Sexual reproduction with separate sexes and internal fertilization

27. IDENTIFY EACH PICTURE AS TO TYPE OF ARTHROPOD 2. 3. 1. . 5. 6. 4. 9. 8. 7.

28. IDENTIFY EACH PICTURE AS TO TYPE OF ARTHROPOD crustacean arachnid centipede insect crustacean millipede insect crustacean arachnid

30. ECHINODERMATA • Besides the chordates, this phylum contains the only invertebrates that are ___________________ • Examples include sea stars, sand dollar, sea urchin, sea cucumber, sea lilies, brittle star, sea biscuit • _________ skinned animals • Unique ________ _________ system • Secondary _________ symmetry with no segmentation

31. ECHINODERMATA • Besides the chordates, this phylum contains the only invertebrates that are deuterostomes • Examples include sea stars, sand dollar, sea urchin, sea cucumber, sea lilies, brittle star, sea biscuit • Spiny skinned animals • Unique water vascular system • Secondary radial symmetry with no segmentation

32. INVERTEBRATES Animals without Backbones Check your answers from slide 1, then correct any that were wrong and add the phylum name. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

33. INVERTEBRATES • Invertebrate Web Quest • Click on the picture below to begin.