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Cardiovascular System

Cardiovascular System. Gilead -Topics in Human Pathophysiology Fall 2009 Drug Safety and Public Health. Blood. Consists of: Plasma Erythrocytes Leukocytes platelets– thrombocytes. Figure 7.8. Blood Production and Disorders. Overview of blood production Disorders of erythrocytes

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Cardiovascular System

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  1. Cardiovascular System Gilead -Topics in Human Pathophysiology Fall 2009 Drug Safety and Public Health

  2. Blood • Consists of: • Plasma • Erythrocytes • Leukocytes • platelets– thrombocytes

  3. Figure 7.8

  4. Blood Production and Disorders • Overview of blood production • Disorders of erythrocytes • Disorders of platelets • Disorders of leukocytes

  5. Blood Cell Production • Occurs in bone marrow • Also called hemopoiesis (hematopoiesis) • Stem cells are rapidly dividing • Requires iron, Vitamin B12 (and other B vitamins), other trace minerals, vitamins • Controlled by chemical messengers • Has 5 lines of production

  6. Slide 13 Blood Cell Formation Stem cells are located in red bone marrow Stem cells multiply and become specialized Mature blood cells Erythrocyte (red blood cell) Erythroblast Nucleus lost Neutrophil Granular leukocytes Eosinophil Myeloblast White blood cells Basophil Stem cell Monocyte Monoblast Agranular leukocytes Lymphocyte Lymphoblast Megakaryoblast Megakaryocyte Platelets

  7. Blood Disorders • Anemias • Thrombocytopenia • Leukocytopenia, leukocytosis • Clotting factor disorders • Lipid disorders

  8. Heart and Disease • Structure and function • Ischemic Heart Disease • Lexiscan, Ranexa • Heart Failure

  9. Figure 8.7b

  10. Cardiac Cycle • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3ZDJgFDdk0&feature=rec-HM-rn

  11. Figure 8.14

  12. Figure 8.15

  13. Figure 8.11

  14. Ischemic Heart Disease • Coronary artery disease • Myocardial ischemia • Myocardial hypoxia • Myocardial infarct • Myocardial necrosis

  15. Coronary Angiogram

  16. From wikipedia

  17. Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease

  18. Diagnosis and Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease • Diagnosis • BP monitoring • Symptoms • ECG • Angiogram • Stress Test • Nuclear myocardial perfusion tests

  19. Lexiscan • For myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) • A2A adenosine receptor agonist • Vasodilates coronary arteries as if exercising • Injected into blood stream prior to gamma camera scan • Can give a good indication of myocardial perfusion

  20. Diagnosis and Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease • Treatment • Coronary bypass surgery • Angioplasty • Stents • Cholesterol lowering agents • Anticoagulents • Antianginal medications

  21. Ranexa • For angina • Probably changes ion channels in walls of blood vessels serving the heart • Can be taken with other anti-anginal meds • Very effective

  22. Congestive Heart Failure • Heart becomes weak • Blood backs up in veins and capillaries • Fluid excess in tissues • Symptoms include shortness of breath, edema, difficulty breathing (especially when lying down,) difficulty exercising

  23. Congestive Heart Failure

  24. Congestive Heart Failure http://www.bangkokhospital.com/images/procedures/Congestive_Heart_Failure.jpg

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