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Cardiovascular System

Cardiovascular System. Hypertension (HTN). Hypertension (HTN). Hypertension- is caused by the resistance of blood flow through the blood vessels. The resistance is determined by measuring systolic pressure (cardiac output) and diastolic pressure (peripheral resistance). Hypertension.

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Cardiovascular System

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  1. Cardiovascular System Hypertension (HTN)

  2. Hypertension (HTN) • Hypertension-is caused by the resistance of blood flow through the blood vessels. The resistance is determined by measuring systolic pressure (cardiac output) and diastolic pressure (peripheral resistance).

  3. Hypertension • When measuring blood pressure, the top number is systolic and the bottom number is the diastolic pressure. • The ideal pressure is 120/80. • A pressure above 140/90 is considered hypertension. • HTN can be hereditary or due to lifestyle choices.

  4. Anti-hypertensive Drugs • There are different drugs with different mechanisms of action that are used to control HTN. • You will learn the suffixes for generic drugs used for HTN.

  5. Anti-hypertensive Drugs • Beta Blockers (suffix –olol or –lol) binds to Beta 1 receptors which decrease heart rate, cardiac output, and causes relaxation if blood vessels. • Beta 1 receptors work with in the heart and the kidneys. • Beta 2 receptors work with in the lungs and pancreas. • Beta Blockers may be used in combination with other HTN medications. • These drugs cannot be abruptly stopped. • A common side effect is orthostatic hypotension which is lightheadedness while standing.

  6. Anti-hypertensive Drugs • Ace Inhibitors or ACEI’s (suffix –pril) work by exerting their effects on the ReninAngiotensin System in the kidneys. • This drug inhibits the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II which is a potent vasoconstrictor. • It reduces sodium and water retention thus lowers blood pressure. • A big side effect is a dry cough and may be confused with asthma or a cough and cold symptom. • The build up of bradykinin, which causes blood vessels to dilate, is what triggers a cough.

  7. Anti-hypertensive Drugs • Angiotensin II receptors or ARB’s (suffix –sartan) work by exerting their effects on Angiotensin II by blocking vasoconstriction therefore lowering blood pressure. • Calcium Channel Blockers or CCB’s (suffix –dipine) reduces the influx of calcium into the cardiac smooth muscle. • This reductions causes blood vessels to dilate (vasodilation) therefore decreasing blood pressure. • Common side effects with some of these drugs are constipation, flushing, and tachycardia.

  8. Anti-hypertensive Drugs • Diuretics (suffix –thiazide, -mide, or –nide) action is to increase urinary excretion of sodium, chloride, potassium, and water thus decreasing volume and decreasing blood pressure. • Because of the electrolyte loss, patients are given a K+ supplement when taking diuretics.

  9. Other Anti-hypertensive Drugs • Alpha 2-Adrenergic Agonists (suffix –dine or –cline) • Alpha Adrenergic Inhibitors- one drug which is Methyldopa. • Alpha I Adrenergic Blockers (suffix –osin)

  10. THE END

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