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Cardiovascular System

Cardiovascular System. The Heart. The Heart. Blood Flow Through the Heart. Blood Flow Through the Heart. Heart Valves. Control of the Heartbeat. Sinoatrial node (SA node) “pacemaker” of the heart Regulates the contraction of the entire heart Atrioventricular node (AV node)

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Cardiovascular System

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  1. Cardiovascular System

  2. The Heart

  3. The Heart

  4. Blood Flow Through the Heart

  5. Blood Flow Through the Heart

  6. Heart Valves

  7. Control of the Heartbeat • Sinoatrial node (SA node) • “pacemaker” of the heart • Regulates the contraction of the entire heart • Atrioventricular node (AV node) • Relays electrical impulses to the ventricles • SA node and AV node work together to create a heartbeat

  8. Control of the Heartbeat • Pulse – a series of pressure waves within an artery caused by the contraction of the left ventricle

  9. Activity • Determining Heart Rate • Have a partner take your pulse for 15 seconds while seated. • Calculate beats per minute. • Have a partner take your pulse for 15 seconds while standing. • Calculate beats per minute. • Jog in place for one minute. Have your partner take your pulse for 15 seconds after jogging. • Calculate beats per minute. • Was your pulse different in each situation? What might cause your heartbeat to change in each situation?

  10. Self Quiz!

  11. Heart Problems • Atherosclerosis – a disease characterized by the build up of fatty materials on the interior walls of coronary arteries • Atherosclerosis or blood clots can cause heart attacks

  12. Heart Attack (myocardial infarction)

  13. Blood

  14. Blood Types

  15. Blood Types

  16. Blood Typing Game • http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/bloodtypinggame/index.html

  17. Blood Disorders • Sickle Cell Anemia • Anemia • Hemophilia

  18. The Body’s Defense Systems Immune System!

  19. Pathogen • Any agent that causes disease • Bacteria • Viruses • Fungus • Protist • Parasite

  20. First Line of Defense • Barriers • Skin • Physical barrier • Mucus membranes • Mucus traps pathogens

  21. Second Line of Defense • Nonspecific Immunity • Inflammatory response – suppresses infection

  22. Second Line of Defense • Temperature response – moderate fever may slow bacterial and viral growth • Prolonged or very high fever are dangerous • Destroys important proteins • Can lead to death

  23. Immune System: Specific Defenses • Recognize pathogens • Immune response • Memory and immunity

  24. Recognize Pathogens • Antigen – any substance that the immune system can recognize and react with • Antigens cause Lymphocytes (B cells and T cells) to react • Lymphocytes bind to antigen and start attack (immune response)

  25. Immune Response • Helper T cell engulfs pathogen – helps other cells recognize antigens • Killer T cells (cytotoxic T cells) recognize and destroy infected cells • Plasma cells make defensive proteins called antibodies • Antibodies bind to specific antigens on the pathogen – makes them inactive

  26. Immunity • Memory cells are created after an immune response • Next time body exposed to pathogen, antibodies produced very quickly to protect

  27. Disease • Reminder: Pathogen = Any agent that causes disease • Bacteria • Viruses • Fungus • Protist • Parasite

  28. Infectious Diseases • Bacterial • Strep throat • Cholera • Necrotizing fasciitis (flesh eating disease) • Virus • Chicken pox/ shingles • HIV • Ebola • Fungus • Athletes foot • Protist • Malaria • Parasite • Tapeworm

  29. Strep Throat • Bacterial infection • Caused by streptococcus • Treated with antibiotics

  30. Cholera • Waterborne disease • Transmitted through fecal matter • Severe dehydration • Can be fatal

  31. Flesh Eating Disease • Necrotizing fasciitis • Destroys skin, fat, tissue • Immunocompromised

  32. Chicken Pox • Varicella zoster virus • Highly contagious • Skin rash • Vaccine • Can develop into shingles • Herpes zoster

  33. HIV • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) • Causes the condition AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) • Spread through bodily fluids

  34. Ebola • Ebola hemorrhagic fever • RNA virus • Often fatal

  35. Athlete’s Foot • Fungal infection of the feet • Scaling, flaking, itching of skin • Transmissible

  36. Malaria • Common in the tropics • Mosquitos are vectors • Caused by plasmodium

  37. Tapeworm • Parasite • Contaminated food • Live in digestive tract

  38. Activity • Simulating an epidemic

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