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Reducing Carry-Over of Coccidiostats in Feed and Food

Reducing Carry-Over of Coccidiostats in Feed and Food. Dr. Peter Kubasa Feed Safety Conference, Prague, March 3, 2009. Overview. The Role of Coccidiostats Carry-Over Tolerances in non-target feed and food. List of Authorised Coccidiostats for Broilers. As of 20 /10/2004.

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Reducing Carry-Over of Coccidiostats in Feed and Food

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  1. Reducing Carry-Over of Coccidiostatsin Feed and Food Dr. Peter Kubasa Feed Safety Conference, Prague, March 3, 2009

  2. Overview • The Role of Coccidiostats • Carry-Over • Tolerances in non-target feed and food

  3. List of Authorised Coccidiostats for Broilers As of 20/10/2004 Community Register of Feed Additives pursusant to Regulation No. 1831/2003

  4. Estimated EU 27 feed production – use of coccidiostats by segment

  5. Cross-Contamination / Carry-Over • Transfer from one production batch to the following batch due to manufacture of broad range of compound feeding stuffs. • Unavoidable traces of coccidiostats remain in production line  end up in following product batch  can result in residues in feedingstuffs for non target species • Legal provisions for minimising the risk of carry-over (Feed hygiene regulation 183/2005, HACCP)

  6. At the Feed Mill • Level of cross-contamination depends on: • Quality control process (e.g.:new NIR online technology) • Design of the dosage • Grinding and mixing equipment • Transport and storage facilities • …technical or organisational measures must be taken to avoid or minimize, as necessary, any cross-contamination and errors….. As of 3/10/2004

  7. Contamination of Feed with a Coccidiostat Investigations in a feed mill: A,B,C: sampling points Ref.: McEvoy et al., 2003,Feed Additives and Contaminants, Vol 20

  8. Contamination of Feed with a Coccidiostat ppm • Investigation of 3 feed batches (3x3t) following coccidiostat-batch • Sampling before pelleting ( post mixer,  post elevator boot) • Steady decline of residues (mg/kg) in feed batches • Only residues in first batch/3t would cause violative residues in eggs • 3t flush enough to minimize carry over!? • Sampling post press/pelleter () • Residues in excess of limits causing violative residues in tissues • Cause of prolonged contamination was the mill‘s practice of recycling sieved material back into pre-press bins • Corrective actions… Ref.: McEvoy et al., 2003,Feed Additives and Contaminants, Vol 20

  9. Corrective Actions • Step 1 – Extension of clean-out time to ensure that all medicated material was re-pelleted before the next batch of drug-free feed entered the pre-press bins • Step 2 – Pellet-overs were redirected back to cooler, reducing the chances for contamination from the pre-press bin • Introduction of new production line for poultry rations • New elevators with reduced dead-space at the boot (1kg) • Two separate mixers for breeder rations and St/G/F/WD • Three separate presses for breeder, St/G and F rations • 57 rations tested: 93% without any contamination; 7% all with concentrations below the levels causing violative residues in poultry tissues and eggs.

  10. Multiple Potential Causes for Residues in Tissues and Eggs • Contamination of feed at the feed mill or during transport • Supply of incorrect feed bin • Inadequate cleaning of feeding system on farm prior to feed delivery and feed change over • Inadequate withdrawal periods being obseved • Poor management of feed on farm leading to re-exposure of birds to drugs close to slaughter • Recycling of drug by birds from litter

  11. Tolerances for Residues in Feed • Undesirable substances in animal feed Directive 2002/32/EC • ALARA principle – ‘as low as reasonably achieveable’ • Initially a carry-over range of 3 – 10% has been considered achievable • Risk assessment of unavoidable carry-over of coccidiostats for animal health and public health  scientific assessment by EFSA/FEEDAP • Tolerance levels in feed can lead to residues in products of animal origin maximum limits for food of non-target species have been established in parallel

  12. Evaluation of Tolerances in Non Target Species inFeed hypothetical carry-over to non target feed 2% 5% 10% 11 coccidiostats maximum dose in feed • Risk for animals • Residues in food • Risk for consumer • Scientific opinions done by EFSA • Decision byStanding Committe done on tolerances in feed and food in Nov 08 • Application of Directive 2009/8/EC (feed) • and Regulation No.124/2009(food) by • July 09

  13. Tolerances in Non-Target Feeds Tolerance levels differentiated into two groups Feed for less-sensitive non-target species Feed for sensitive non- target species, WD feed 3% compared to authorised max. concentration of coccidiostat in feed 1% compared to authorised max. concentration of coccidiostat in feed

  14. NICARBAZIN 1. Target feed - Chickens for fattening (50 mg/kg) (in combination with narasin) 2. Non-target feed a) sensitive species + withdrawal feed (finishing feed) + continuously food producing animals for which transfer of feed into food is likely - sensitive species : none - withdrawal feed (finishing feed): chickens for fattening: 5 days; - continuously food producing animals: laying birds b) less sensitive species - all other non target species 3. Tolerances non-target feed 4. Established MRLs None 5. Maximum Limits in food of animal origin – non-target species (in function of the tolerances under point 3) - eggs: 100 µg/kg - liver and kidney from non-target species: 100 µg/kg - milk: 5 µg/kg - all other food of animal origin of non target species: 25 µg/kg

  15. Tolerance Limits in Food & Feed *) Layers =Non-target species

  16. Residues in Eggsat 5% carry-over Ref.: Daeseleire et al.,SPSD II 2000-2006, Case study: coccidiostats

  17. Open Questions to Tolerance Levels • 1% tolerance is too ambitious for many mixing plants • Considerable investment needed for upgrades • Regional supply of feed may be compromised • How to detect substances at 1% inclusion • e.g. diclazuril LOD is higher than 0,01 mg/kg feed • Maximum Limits in food of non-target species • MLs in „food“ are not considered MRLs in animal tissues according to Reg. 2377/1990 and residue complaints may still be raised by residue inspection.

  18. Summary • Coccidiostats will continue to play a significant role as zootechnical additives in poultry feeds beyond 2012 • Unavoidable carry-over into non-target feeds will continue despite GMP, but tolerance limits are set now for feed and food • It is a great achievement to get away from the 0-tolerance approach in feeding stuffs but 1% tolerance is challenging for a number of feed compounders

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