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Human Exploration And Development of Space

Human Exploration And Development of Space. NASA and North Carolina: Building Stronger Partnerships April 24, 2002. When the History of the First Quarter of the 21 st Century is Written….

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Human Exploration And Development of Space

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  1. Human Exploration And Development of Space NASA and North Carolina: Building Stronger Partnerships April 24, 2002

  2. When the History of the First Quarter of the 21st Century is Written… • We have sought life’s abodes: NASA missions have mapped continents on dozens of planets circling nearby stars, some of which show signs of life-supporting atmospheres. Evidence continues to mount for the existence of life on planets within our own Solar System, as revealed by advanced generations of robotic explorers. Humans and their robotic partners assembled complex science facilities in space to unveil even more challenging cosmic questions. • We have enabled new commerce: Low Earth Orbit has become a rapid-growth economic zone, with commercial industries taking advantage of low-gravity, abundant solar energy, low-cost access from the Earth’s surface, and a vista that encompasses the entire planet. • We share the vision and the experience: Throughout the world, students in earthbound classrooms are learning the fundamentals of physics, math, and technology as they actively participate with space travelers via “telepresence technology.” • And we continue to prepare the way for humanity’s greatest adventures.

  3. NASA’s Vision To improve life here, To extend life to there, To find life beyond. NASA’s Mission To understand and protect our home planet To explore the Universe and search for life To inspire the next generation of explorers …as only NASA can.

  4. To Explore the Universe and Search for Life • Exploring the Universe and the life within it… enabled by technology, first with robotic trailblazers, and eventually humans… as driven by these compelling scientific questions: • How did we get here? • Where are we going? • Are we alone?

  5. Science Drivers Determine Destinations(Selected Examples) Science Questions Pursuits Activities Destinations Vision • Planetary sample analysis: absolute age determination “calibrating the clocks” • How did the Solar System evolve? • History of major Solar System events • Moon • Mars • Asteroids • Venus • How do humans adapt to space? • Effects of deep space on cells • Measurement of genomic responses to radiation • Beyond Van Allen belts Exploration of Life in the Universe • Earth orbits • Libration points • What is Earth’s sustainability and habitability? • Impact of human and natural events upon Earth • Measurement of Earth’s vital signs “taking the pulse” • Is there Life beyond the planet of origin? • Origin of life in the Solar System • Detection of bio-markers and hospitable environments • Mars • Europa • Titan • Cometary nuclei • Libration points • Origin of life in the Universe

  6. A Progressive Expansion Go anywhere, anytime … not destination driven Sustainable Planetary Presence Accessible Planetary Surface Earth’s Neighborhood • Science-Driven • Technology Enabled • Stepping Stones • Sequence: Robots, humans, new markets • Leveraging Partnerships Earth and Low Earth Orbit

  7. Progressive Exploration Capabilities Earth’s Neighborhood Capability Accessible Planetary Surface Capability Sustainable Planetary Surface Capability • In-space propulsion, Isp>1000 sec, high thrust • Power systems, >200 w/kg • Integrated Human/ robotic capabilities • Crew countermeasures for 100 days • Closure of water/air systems • Materials, factor of 9 • IVHM - Integrated Vehicle Health Monitoring • Current launch systems • In-space propulsion, Isp>3000 sec, high thrust • Power systems, >500 w/kg • Robotic aggregation/assembly • Crew countermeasures for 1-3 years • Complete closure of air/water; options for food • Materials, factor of 20 • Micro-/Nano- avionics • ETO @ ~$2000/kg Payload: 40 to 80mt • In-space propulsion, Isp>3000 sec, high thrust • Sustainable power systems • Intelligent systems, orbital and planetary • Crew countermeasures for indefinite duration • Closure of life support, including food • ISRU for consumables & spares • Materials, factor of 40 • Automated reasoning and smart sensing • ETO @ <$2000/kg Payload: 40 to 80mt Now 2010+ 2020+ 2030+

  8. Technology Approach New Concepts and Current Technologies Revolutionary Concepts Using Breakthrough Technologies New Concepts New Concepts Using New Technologies Current Concepts and New Technologies Current Concepts & Technologies New Technologies

  9. What must we know to make informed decisions? Enabling the Strategy • The Criteria • Compelling science objectives and benefits • Knowledge about destinations • Reliable and affordable mission concepts • Acceptable technology readiness achieved • Validation of capabilities for deep space missions • Identified opportunities for partnership/leadership • Inspiring and engaging to students and the public The Hurdles • Space Transportation • Safe, fast, and efficient • Affordable, Abundant Power • Solar and nuclear • Crew Health and Safety • Countermeasures and medical autonomy • Optimized Robotic and Human Operations • Dramatically higher productivity; on-site intelligence • Space Systems Performance • Advanced materials, low-mass, self-healing, self-assembly, self-sufficiency…

  10. The Value of Technology Investments Crewed Mars Mission Example Today Technology 8.0 Advanced Avionics (7%) 7.0 Maintenance & Spares (18%) 6.0 Advanced Materials (17%) 5.0 Mass Savings Normalized to ISS Mass 4.0 Closed life Support (34%) 3.0 Nuclear Propulsion (45%) 2.0 Aerobraking (42%) Estimated ISS Completed Mass: 470 mt 1.0 0.0

  11. Work Breakdown Structure Exploration Technology 1.0 Systems Integration, Analysis, Concepts, Modeling 3.0 Technology Flight Demonstrations 2.0 Enabling Advanced Research and Technology 2.1 Space Resources Development 2.2 Space Utilities and Power 2.3 Habitation and Bio-astronautics 2.4 Space Assembly, Inspection & Maintenance 2.5 Exploration and Expeditions 2.6 Space Trans-portation 2.7 In-Space Instruments and Sensors

  12. Areas for Investment Attention “Earth Neighborhood” Mission Driven Accessible Planetary Mission Driven Sustained Planetary Presence Driven Solar Power (High Power) Space Assembly, Maintenance & Servicing (Robotic, EVA) Cryogenic Propellant Depots Biological Risk (Radiation) Aero- Assist/Entry and Landing Electric/Electromagnetic* Propulsion (High Power) Adaptation and Countermeasures (Gravity) Communications and Control Human Factors and Habitability Regenerative Life Support Systems Surface Science & Mobility Materials and Structures (Manufacturing Validation) Space Medicine and Health Care Earth-to-Orbit Transportation In-Space Chemical Propulsion Nuclear Propulsion Advanced Habitation Systems Nuclear Power In Situ Resource Utilization In Situ Manufacturing Flying Systems

  13. “As for the future, your task is not to foresee it, but to enable it.” A. de Saint-Exupery 12

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