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Rick Kohn Department of Animal and Avian Sciences

Feed Management to Reduce N and P Losses to the Environment. Rick Kohn Department of Animal and Avian Sciences. Overview. The role of animal feeding on reducing N and P losses to the environment Use of milk urea nitrogen to track improvements in protein nutrition

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Rick Kohn Department of Animal and Avian Sciences

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  1. Feed Management to Reduce N and P Losses to the Environment Rick KohnDepartment of Animal and Avian Sciences

  2. Overview • The role of animal feeding on reducing N and P losses to the environment • Use of milk urea nitrogen to track improvements in protein nutrition • Incentive programs to improve feeding

  3. A simple farm model Inputs Milk Meat Losses

  4. N loss = Lossair + Losswater + N2 N loss = N inputs – N in products Recommendation: Decrease total reactive N losses from farms.

  5. N Cycling N

  6. Typical Efficiencies Kohn, et al., 1997. J. Environmental Management

  7. N Losses per Product Kohn, et al., 1997. J. Environmental Management

  8. Milk Urea Nitrogen

  9. Nitrogen Metabolism Kohn, et al., 1997. MD Nutrition Conference

  10. Urine N vs. MUN Jonker, et al., 1998. J. Dairy Science

  11. Target vs. Observed MUN Jonker, et al., 1999. J. Dairy Science

  12. Target MUN Kohn et al., 2002. J. Dairy Science

  13. Lab Differences • NIRS is not as repeatable as wet chemistry • After Sep. 17, 1998 MUN analyses were reduced about 4 units.

  14. Check List • Milk Production • Feed intake • Diet Formulation • Feed Analysis • Feed Digestibility • Feeding Management • Feeding Behavior

  15. Best Typical Results

  16. Study on feeding in Chesapeake Bay Watershed • Surveyed and sampled 450 farms in region • Used milk analysis and survey results to predict N intake, N in urine, N in feces, and N utilization efficiency. Jonker, et al., 2002, J. Dairy Science

  17. Effect of milk per cow on N utilization efficiency Jonker, et al., 2002, J. Dairy Science

  18. Effect of intake N on N utilization efficiency Jonker, et al., 2002, J. Dairy Science

  19. Cost of Overfeeding Protein Jonker, et al., 2002. J. Dairy Sci.

  20. Environmental Cost of Overfeeding Protein Jonker, et al., 2002. J. Dairy Sci.

  21. Phosphorus Balance

  22. How Does P Excretion Change with Diet P Level? Dietary P, % of DM

  23. Survey Results for 450 farms in MD, VA, PA, WV & DE Dietary P P Balance Dietary P P Balance Dietary P, % of DM

  24. Fecal P Indicator Dou, et al., 2002 J. Environ. Qual.

  25. Feces vs. Diet Dou et al., 2003. J. Dairy Sci.

  26. Measured vs. Formulated Dou et al., 2003. J. Dairy Sci.

  27. US Dried Distillers Grain (Gg/yr)

  28. Composition (% of DM) National Research Council, 2001

  29. Price History $/ton USDA National Agriculture Statistics Service, 2005

  30. Feeding Projections • More ethanol production • Higher corn prices • Lower distillers grain prices • Lower soybean meal prices • More use of distillers • More overfeeding of CP and P

  31. Chesapeake Bay Program Dairy: Through feed management, achieve 20% reduction in manure nutrients in one-half the cows by 2015. 2.1 million lb/yr less N 0.27 million lb/yr less P

  32. What reduces N & P ? • Formulating closer to requirements • Reducing N with amino acids • Substitution of low-P feeds • Improved digestibility • Other

  33. NRCS-funded Program • Upgrade milk processor labs to enable routine, accurate analysis of MUN • Quality control of MUN analyses • Education to nutritionists and farmers • Provide one-time incentive payments to farmers maintaining low MUN

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