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Africa

Africa . Warm-up 2/7. Watch this video to help you learn/memorize countries in Africa. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WkyGiFiSDX4 As you are watching write down three clues to help you remember three countries. Then hand in your warm-up paper. . Physical Geography .

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Africa

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  1. Africa

  2. Warm-up 2/7 • Watch this video to help you learn/memorize countries in Africa. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WkyGiFiSDX4 • As you are watching write down three clues to help you remember three countries. • Then hand in your warm-up paper.

  3. Physical Geography • After Pangaea Africa moved very little compared to the other continents • Most of Africa is at least 1,000 feet above sea level • This plateau is Africa’s most prominent physical features • The worlds second largest continent

  4. Physical Geography • Basins and rivers • Basin- depressions

  5. Physical Geography • Basins- water collects in the Chad Basin, and rivers flow through the Sudan, Congo and Djouf basins • The worlds longest river- Nile River runs through Uganda and Sudan into Egypt

  6. Physical Geography • Rift Valley- land that sank when cracks formed because of the continental plates • The rift valleys show that the eastern part of Africa is pulling away from the rest of Africa • Mountains • Africa mainly has volcanic mountains • Mount Kenya • Mount Kilimanjaro- Africa’s highest mountain

  7. Physical Geography • Natural Resources • Large amounts of minerals- gold, platinum, chromium, cobalt, copper, phosphates, diamonds, etc. • Africa’s mineral wealth has not led to economic prosperity • 19th and 20th centuries, European colonial rulers developed Africa’s natural resources for export to Europe to manufacture

  8. Physical Geography • Natural Resources • Oil- Libya, Nigeria, and Algeria are among the worlds leading petroleum producers • Diversity of Resources • Oil and coffee are most profitable • Lumber • Agriculture- the most important economic activity • About 66% of Africans earn their living from farming

  9. Warm-up 2/10- Population map of Africa. Where do most people live?

  10. Africa • Deserts • The Sahara- largest desert in the world • Other African deserts- Kalahari and the Namib • Travel in the Sahara is risky because of extreme conditions • Many people rely on camels for transportation • Aquifers- underground water • Oasis- water from aquifers that has come to the surface

  11. Africa- Tropics • Large tropical area • 90% of the continent lies within the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn • High temperatures most of the year • Hottest parts of the Sahara in Somalia • July temps. Average between 110 and 115 degrees

  12. Africa- Rainfall Patterns • Rain forest in Central Africa gets the most precipitation • Most of Africa has one or two rainy seasons • Tropical savanna stretches through the middle of the continent • West coast receives a lot of rain • Mediterranean climate- the northern and southern tips of the continent

  13. Tropical Grasslands • Covers most of the continent- the Serengeti Plain in northern Tanzania • Some of the best grasslands in the world • A great place for grazing animals

  14. Africa Extremes • Enormous tropical rain forest stretches across Central Africa • Home to many different kinds of trees and species of birds • Most animals live in the canopy • Farmers using slash-and-burn endangering wildlife

  15. Warm-up 2/11 “During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to this struggle of the African people. I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.” ― Nelson Mandela

  16. Human Development Index • A composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income. • It is used to rank counties into four tiers of human development • Very high • High • Medium • Low

  17. Level of Development • The expansion of human possibilities in terms of life expectancy, education, and standard of living, as well as the possibility of sharing newly acquired prosperity.

  18. Warm-up 2/12

  19. Warm-up 2/12 • What landmark is this? • Cape of Good Hope, most south-western point of Africa • Where is it located? • South Africa • Which culture created it? • John II of Portugal named it “Cape of Good Hope” • Why/when was it created? • It was named this because its discovery was a good omen that India could be reached by sea from Europe • What defining characteristics of this landmark standout to you?

  20. Assignment • Create a graphic organizer to illustrate how the physical environment and distribution of resources in Sub-Saharan Africa have affected settlement patterns and economic activities of the area. • Make sure that you are specific to Africa to not just use general statements. • You have notes on climate regions and we have seen a population density map. You also have notes on economies in Africa.

  21. Example

  22. Warm-up 2/13 • Give reasons why nations in Sub-Saharan Africa have low levels of development as compared to other regions? • Explain in 5 sentences.

  23. Wednesday 2/19 • Hand in your essays about climate regions in Africa • Have your notebooks open to page 75

  24. Cultures of Africa • What is culture? • Sub-Saharan Africa is thought to be the cultural hearth of the world • Cultures of Africa are distinguished by their languages, ethnicity, traditions, belief systems, and history

  25. Cultures of Africa • The region suffers from political corruption, instability, a lack of infrastructure, and reliance on exportation of goods • After decolonization- military dictatorships and unstable democracies developed and were characterized by political corruption and ethnic conflict

  26. Cultures of Africa • Most African nations rely on trade with other nations • Most have low levels of development • Many nations rely on agriculture and providing raw materials to highly industrialized nations

  27. Cultures of Africa • How does the existence of numerous ethnic groups and languages influence political and economic factors?

  28. Cultures of Africa Project • You will be assigned to a group of 3-4 • In your group you need to- • Choose a cultural group from Africa: Maasai, Yoruba, Fulani, Bantu, Zulu, Ashanti, Herero • Research the group • Look for the cultures works of art, clothing, jewelry, maps of where they are located, foods, traditions, etc. • Friday, February 21st, your group will present to the class

  29. Thursday 2/20 • Hand in your GEARUP parent surveys!!!!!! • Get into your groups • I will bring laptops around to your groups • Start research on your cultural group from Africa

  30. Warm-up 2/24-What does this map show us about conflict?

  31. Conflicts in Africa • Causes contributing to conflict • Poverty • Ethnic/religious differences • Poor education • Competition for natural resources • Political boundaries • Internal power transitions • Changes in the balance of power among states

  32. Effects of Conflict • Civil War • Destruction of infrastructure • Poverty • Migration • Terrorism • High death tolls • Corruption • Genocide

  33. Conflicts in Africa • Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo) • 1960: the Belgian Congo gains independence • Mobutu SeseSeko seized power with a military coup • Led for over 30 years (1965-97) with authoritarian leadership • Nationalized the economy • Mounting debt resulted • Invaded neighbor of Angola • Corruption was rampant • Mobutu amassed a large fortune for his own use

  34. Conflicts in Africa • Rwanda Genocide • Civil war between the Hutu and Tutsi groups in Rwanda. Resulted in almost 1 million deaths. Ethnic conflict resulting in mass migration and refugee camps.

  35. Conflicts in Africa • Muslim/Christian Conflict in Nigeria • The north is predominantly Muslim, the south predominantly Christians • In 2000, the adoption of Islamic law in northern regions increased strife between Muslims and Christians • Numerous attacks and clashes between the religious groups • Thousands have died over the last decade in ensuing violence and terrorism

  36. Africa-Today • Educating workers • Key to developing Africa’s economies is improving its education system to provide people with high level skills • In some countries civil wars have destroyed the school systems • Some countries are making progress

  37. Africa- Today • Disease and Despair • African nations are affected by a variety of diseases • Cholera-fatal infection if not treated • Malaria- carried by mosquitos • HIV/AIDS • Tuberculosis- respiratory infection spread between humans

  38. Africa-Today • AIDS • UNAIDS- the UN program that studies the world’s AIDS epidemic • Countries work together to prevent the spread of AIDS • There has been success in some countries

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