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Effect of Fuel Quality and Engine Technology on Particle Emissions

Effect of Fuel Quality and Engine Technology on Particle Emissions. Contributors. P. Dilara, R. Hummel, G. De Santi DG-JRC, Environment Institute, Ispra, Italy F. Giavazzi, G. Martini, R. Carbone Agip Petroli CREA, Milan, Italy A. Krasenbrink DLR-IVF, Berlin, Germany. Objectives.

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Effect of Fuel Quality and Engine Technology on Particle Emissions

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  1. Effect of Fuel Quality and Engine Technology on Particle Emissions

  2. Contributors P. Dilara, R. Hummel, G. De Santi DG-JRC, Environment Institute, Ispra, Italy F. Giavazzi, G. Martini, R. Carbone Agip Petroli CREA, Milan, Italy A. Krasenbrink DLR-IVF, Berlin, Germany

  3. Objectives • To assess: • the effect of fuel quality and engine technology on particulate emissions and in particular on the total mass of the emitted particles , on their mass/size distribution and number/size distribution • the influence of the measurement method and the location of sample extraction on the test results • the relation between number of particles and mass of particulates • the relation between the legislative emission test results and the constant speed test results

  4. Test Matrix • 2 Modern 1.9L Diesel Passenger Cars • Direct Injection Rotary Pump (SI) • Common Rail (CR) • Emission level: Euro II • 2 Fuel Qualities • Standard fuel, current quality (2000 specifications) (SF) • “Clean” Fuel: Sulphur-free, low aromatics, low density (CF) • Test conditions • NEDC • Constant Speed: Idle, 30, 50, 120 km/h

  5. Instrumentation • Standard Emission Racks • NOx, CO, HC • Particulates • Filters • Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) • Low Pressure Impactors (LPI-11 and LPI-8) • The LPI-11 was used to measure the mass/size distribution of the diluted exhaust gas sampled from the conventional dilution tunnel • The LPI-8 was used to measure the mass/size distribution of the raw exhaust gas sampled directly from the tailpipe

  6. Ambient Air CVS Unit Particulate Filters SMPS LPI-11 To Vent LPI-8 Instrumentation - Sampling Points

  7. NEDC Cycle- Regulated Emissions

  8. NEDC Cycle - Total Particulate MassFilter vs Impactor (g/km) Rotary Pump Vehicle

  9. NEDC Cycle - Total Particulate MassFilter vs Impactor (g/km) Common Rail Vehicle

  10. NEDC Cycle - Mass/Size Distribution Fuel Quality Effect Common Rail Vehicle

  11. NEDC Cycle - Mass/Size Distribution Fuel Quality Effect Rotary Pump Vehicle

  12. NEDC Cycle - Mass/Size Distribution Engine Technology Effect Standard Fuel “Clean” Fuel

  13. Constant Speed - Mass/Size Distribution Idle

  14. Constant Speed - Mass/Size Distribution 32 km/h

  15. Constant Speed - Mass/Size Distribution 50 km/h

  16. Constant Speed - Mass/Size Distribution 120 km/h

  17. Total Particulate Mass Effect of test conditions and effect of fuel quality Rotary Pump Vehicle Common Rail Vehicle

  18. Mass/Size DistributionMass Median Diameter (MMD)

  19. Constant Speed - Total Mass (Impactors) LPI-8 (Raw Exhaust) vs LPI-11 (Diluted Exhaust)

  20. Constant Speed - Mass/Size Distribution LPI-8 (Raw Exhaust) vs LPI-11 (Diluted Exhaust) 32 km/h Common Rail Vehicle

  21. Constant Speed - Mass/Size Distribution LPI-8 (Raw Exhaust) vs LPI-11 (Diluted Exhaust) 120 km/h Common Rail Vehicle

  22. Constant Speed - Mass/Size Distribution LPI-8 (Raw Exhaust) vs LPI-11 (Diluted Exhaust) 32 km/h Rotary Pump Vehicle

  23. Constant Speed - Mass/Size Distribution LPI-8 (Raw Exhaust) vs LPI-11 (Diluted Exhaust) 120 km/h Rotary Pump Vehicle

  24. Constant Speed - Number/Size Distribution 32 km/h

  25. Constant Speed - Number/Size Distribution 120 km/h

  26. Constant Speed TestsParticle Number (SMPS) vs Mass (LPI-11)

  27. CONCLUSIONS • The effects of fuel quality and engine technology were more or less pronounced or not even detected; different conclusions can be drawn... …depending on the measuring method, sampling location and test condition • Current vehicle exhaust emission standards are based on mass measurement of PM that has proved to be quite simple and reliable • Much more work is needed before new measures such as particle number can be proposed as a reliable supplement to mass measurements

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