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Chlamydia & Rickettsia

Chlamydia & Rickettsia. MLAB 2434: Microbiology Keri Brophy -Martinez. General Characteristics. Obligate intracellular organisms Can not be cultured on agar plates Dependant on a host for survival. Chlamydia Characteristics.

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Chlamydia & Rickettsia

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  1. Chlamydia & Rickettsia MLAB 2434: MicrobiologyKeri Brophy-Martinez

  2. General Characteristics • Obligate intracellular organisms • Can not be cultured on agar plates • Dependant on a host for survival

  3. Chlamydia Characteristics • Unique growth cycle because they are deficient in independent energy metabolism • Replication involves elementary body (EB) and reticulate body (RB) • EB’s are infectious and non-metabolically acitve • RB’s are noninfectious and metabolically active

  4. Life Cycle of Chlamydia

  5. Chlamydia pneumoniae • Important respiratory pathogen (acute respiratory disease, pneumonia, and pharyngitis) • Common (50% of adults have antibodies) • College age students most susceptible • Implicated in asthma • Risk factor for Guillain-Barre’ syndrome

  6. Chlamydia pneumoniae (cont’d) • Reinfection common • Biphasic clinical picture • Prolonged sore throat and hoarseness, followed by flu-like lower respiratory symptoms • Pneumonia and bronchitis

  7. Chlamydia trachomatis • Most commonly sexually transmitted bacterial pathogen in U.S. • Only HPV is a more commonly sexually transmitted disease • Major cause of sterility in U.S. • May be transmitted to newborns during delivery • Results in conjunctivitis

  8. Chlamydia trachomatis (cont’d) • Other sites of infection • Trachoma – infection of the conjunctiva, resulting in scarring and blindness (Mostly in India and Egypt) • Lymphogranuloma venereum • Infects lymph nodes • STD found in immigrants from the tropics

  9. Chlamydia psittaci • Causes psittacosis (parrot fever) • Identification based on history of close contact with birds and serologic evaluation

  10. Laboratory Diagnosis • If cultured, must be in cells • Direct microscopic examination to find EB’s • visualized with fluorescein-conjugated antibodies • Enzyme immunoassay • Nucleic acid probes with and without amplification (PCR) • Serologic tests are method of choice for detection (Four-fold rise in titer)

  11. Rickettsia • Intracellular, gram negative organism • Requires host to replicate and survive • Cause febrile illness through the bite of an arthropod • Patient often presents with a rash • Posses a cell wall

  12. Rickettsia and Related Organisms

  13. Laboratory Diagnosis of Rickettsial Disease • Immunohistochemical detection • Serological tests • PCR

  14. References • Kiser, K. M., Payne, W. C., & Taff, T. A. (2011). Clinical Laboratory Microbiology: A Practical Approach . Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. • Mahon, C. R., Lehman, D. C., & Manuselis, G. (2011). Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology (4th ed.). Maryland Heights, MO: Saunders.

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