body organization

Human Anatomy & Physiology http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UIAHRxDGGAQ body organization Created by Tina Weber, 2010

structure of body parts morphology anatomy

function of body parts what they do and how physiology

movement---self initiated change in position, motion of internal parts responsiveness (irritability)---ability to sense changes within, or around the organism and react to them growth---increase in body size characteristics of life muscle tissue nerve cell (motor neuron) pituitary gland

reproduction---parents produce offspring/producing new individuals respiration---obtaining O2 , using it to release energy from food substances, and getting rid of wastes digestion---chemically changing food substances, and getting rid of wastes absorption---passage of digested products through membranes and into body fluids fertilization alveoli small and large intestines intestinal villi

circulation---movement of substances throughout the body assimilation---changing absorbed substances into chemically different substances excretion---removal of wastes smooth muscle tissue mitochondria kidneys

Metabolism---all physical and chemical changes occurring in an organism • needs: water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure---all regulated • Homeostasis---tendency of the body to maintain a stable, balanced internal environment. Accomplished through self regulating adjustments

a group of cells working together to carry out certain common functions form a tissue a group of tissues working together to carry out certain common functions form an organ levels of organization

axial portion---head, neck, trunk appendicular portion---arms and legs body cavities layers of membranes variety of organs and organ systems within cavities (viscera = internal organs) general organization

dorsal cavity • cranial cavity---brain • spinal cavity---spinal cord body cavities

ventral cavity • thoracic cavity---right and left compartment separated by mediastinum, including heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea • abdominopelvic cavity • abdominal cavity---stomach, spleen, liver, gall bladder, small intestine • pelvic cavity---part of the large intestine, urinary bladder, reproductive organs

thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity separated by diaphragm the organs with the cavities are surrounded by a type of 2 layered membrane called the serous membrane outer layer of each membrane is called the parietal layer and forms a “lining” against the inner wall of each cavity inner layer of each membrane covers the surface of each organ and is called the visceral layer

membranes • pleura---surrounds lungs • pericardium---surrounds heart • peritoneum---surrounds all organs within the abdominopelvic cavity • between the layers of each membrane is lubricating fluid called serous fluid

Integumentary system

skeletal system

muscular system

nervous system

endocrine system

digestive system

circulatory system

urinary system

reproductive system

anatomical position

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body organization