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Understanding Gas Exchange in the Lungs

Learn about the respiratory system and the process of gas exchange in the lungs. Explore how oxygen is transferred to the blood and carbon dioxide is removed.

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Understanding Gas Exchange in the Lungs

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  1. What do you remember about gas exchange in the lungs? Raise your hand and wait for Ms. Fine to call on you.

  2. Notes: The Respiratory System Directions: Glue this diagram in your science notebook and copy down all text in BLUE Figure 13.1

  3. Functions of the Respiratory System • Gas exchanges between the blood and external environment • Occurs in the alveoli of the lungs • Passageways to the lungs purify, humidify, and warm the incoming air

  4. Upper Respiratory Tract Figure 13.2

  5. Trachea (Windpipe) Figure 13.3a

  6. Trachea (Windpipe) Figure 13.3b

  7. Main Bronchi Figure 13.1

  8. Main Bronchi Figure 13.4b

  9. Lungs • Occupy most of the thoracic cavity • Apex is near the clavicle (superior portion) • Base rests on the diaphragm (inferior portion) • Each lung is divided into lobes by fissures • Left lung—two lobes • Right lung—three lobes

  10. Lungs Figure 13.4a

  11. Bronchial (Respiratory) Tree Divisions • Primary bronchi • Secondary bronchi • Tertiary bronchi • Bronchioles • Terminal bronchioles

  12. Bronchial (Respiratory) Tree Divisions Figure 13.5a

  13. Bronchial (Respiratory) Tree Divisions Figure 13.5b

  14. Respiratory Zone • Structures • Respiratory bronchioles • Alveolar ducts • Alveolar sacs • Alveoli (air sacs) • Site of gas exchange = alveoli only

  15. Respiratory Membrane (Air-Blood Barrier) Figure 13.6 (1 of 2)

  16. Respiratory Membrane (Air-Blood Barrier) Figure 13.6 (2 of 2)

  17. Four Events of Respiration • Pulmonary ventilation—moving air in and out of the lungs (commonly called breathing) • External respiration—gas exchange between pulmonary blood and alveoli • Oxygen is loaded into the blood • Carbon dioxide is unloaded from the blood

  18. Mechanics of Breathing (Pulmonary Ventilation) • Two phases • Inspiration = inhalation • flow of air into lungs • Expiration = exhalation • air leaving lungs

  19. Inspiration • Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract • The size of the thoracic cavity INCREASES • External air is pulled into the lungs due to • Increase in intrapulmonary volume • Decrease in gas pressure

  20. Inspiration Figure 13.7a

  21. Inspiration Figure 13.8

  22. Expiration • Largely a passive process which depends on natural lung elasticity • As muscles relax, air is pushed out of the lungs due to • Decrease in intrapulmonary volume • Increase in gas pressure • Forced expiration can occur mostly by contracting internal intercostal muscles to depress the rib cage

  23. Expiration Figure 13.7b

  24. Expiration Figure 13.8

  25. Notes: The Respiratory System Directions: When you have completed the notes. Pick up a copy of The Respiratory System Reading and mastery questions This is group work! Figure 13.1

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