Unit 2: Notes Circulatory System, Respiratory System, and Lymphatic System

1. Unit 2: NotesCirculatory System, Respiratory System, and Lymphatic System

2. Ch 23 INTRO pg. 6 Find this chart on your page. Graph your results using the beats per minute. (min 4) (min 2) On the right side, fill in the chart with things you already know about the four sections (cardiovascular system, blood, lymphatic system, and respiratory system). Write with a pencil and you can draw pictures if you want. (min 4) (min 4)

3. Cardiovascular system components: Heart Arteries Capillaries Veins

4. Animation Heart 4 Chambers: right atria left atria right ventricle left ventricle valves separate chambers aorta – major artery vena cava – major vein pulmonary artery and vein

5. Youtube videos for heart and circulation Rap Pump Your Blood http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0s-1MC1hcE&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D8LK34hoVpU&feature=related

6. Blood Vessels • 3 Types of Blood Vessels: • Artery • Capillary • Vein

7. Arteries • Arteries Always carry blood Away from the heart • Thick walls to support pressure from heart pumping • Usually bright red due to highly oxygenated blood • Aorta – major artery supplying body’s blood • Coronary artery – supplies heart’s blood • Carotid artery – supplies brain’s blood • Pulmonary artery – supplies lung’s blood (low O2 – darker)

8. Veins • Always take blood towards the heart • Thinner than arteries • Darker color due to less oxygenated blood • Vena Cava – major vein returning body’s blood • Jugular vein – vein returning brain’s blood • Pulmonary vein – returning lung’s blood (high O2 – bright)

9. Capillaries • Smallest of all blood vessels – single file • Where the diffusion of gases and other molecules takes place (things entering and leaving your blood) • No cell in your body is more than 3 or 4 cells away from a capillary

10. Blood Flow • Pulmonary Circulation – heart to lungs and back • Systemic Circulation – heart to rest of body and back

11. Atherosclerosis • When cholesterol builds up in the walls of blood vessels and restricts blood flow • Blood Pressure (hypertension) (hypotension) • Systolic – pressure in arteries when ventricles contract • Diastolic – pressure in arteries when ventricles relax • When it is too high, blood vessels can be damaged or rupture (aneurysm). Stroke – when blood flow is cut off to brain. • Heart Attacks / Heart Failure • Heart attack - when heart muscle cells die and part of the heart is damaged. Too many cells dying could cause the heart to stop. (cardiac arrest) • Heart failure – not enough blood being pumped to the body. Important organs may suffer or stop working.

12. Heart Surgery http://www.bhf.org.uk/cbhf/games/heart_op/ http://www.abc.net.au/science/lcs/heart.htm

13. Blood 55% Plasma – mostly water Transport 3 Functions: • __________  sends nutrients and oxygen throughout your body • __________  protects your body against antigens • __________  clots to stop bleeding after a cut or bruise 44% RBC Immunity 1% WBC and platelets Healing Brain Pop

15. Vena cava right ventricle pulmonary artery Capillaries of the body Carbon dioxide oxygen aorta left ventricle pulmonary vein left atrium

16. Plasma • Liquid • Mostly _________ • Functions: • Transport • Carries hormones and wastes • Makes up 55% of the blood H2O

17. erythrocytes Red Blood Cells (____________) • Most numerous • Formed in the bone marrow • Functions: • Carries oxygen and nutrients to body and waste back • Filled with the protein hemoglobin, which contains iron (makes your blood red, like rust)

18. leukocytes White Blood Cells (____________) • Larger than RBC’s • Immunity • Functions: • Fight off invading organisms (pathogens) • Release antibodies to help identify pathogens • Destroy damaged/infected cells

19. Platelets • Small pieces of cells from bone marrow • Functions: • Healing • Collect around cuts and produce fibrin to make a net to stop bleeding

20. Blood Type • Every person has one of four blood types: A, B, AB, or O. Your blood type refers to the type of antigens you have on the surface of your RBCs. • Antigens – the markers that identify what kind of blood you have. • Antibodies – the markers that look for foreign blood types to attack. Brain Pop

21. Transfusion – replacing your blood with someone else’s due to blood loss during surgery or an injury.

22. Lymphatic System Glue the body outline into your science log. Use the textbook page 617 as a guide to draw and label the lymphatic system. Thymus Lymph nodes Lymphatic vessels Spleen Tonsil Brain Pop

23. Lymphatic System • Like another circulatory system • Group of tissues and organs that collects excess fluid and returns it to your blood • Helps fight pathogens Brain Pop

24. Lymph capillaries – absorb fluid and small particles (dead cells/pathogens) near cells • Lymphatic vessels carry this lymph back towards your neck where it drains into veins of the cardiovascular system

25. Lymph nodes – small bean shaped masses of tissue that remove pathogens and dead cells from the lymph • Lymphocytes are types of WBC’s that fill lymph nodes and attack pathogens • Lymph nodes get swollen when you have an infection. Why???

26. Thymus – gland that makes T cells ready to fight • Spleen – soft and spongy organ that • produces lymphocytes • recycles old/damaged RBC’s • Tonsils – tissue that stores WBC’s and fights infections

27. Respiration vs. Breathing • Respiration – obtaining and using O2 and getting rid of CO2 and H2O • Breathing – inhaling and exhaling

28. vocal cords pharynx trachea larynx lung bronchus bronchiole diaphragm alveoli

29. Gas Exchange

30. Breathing

34. D I H A A B G F C E D

35. H A B G C D F E