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The Renaissance and Reformation

The Renaissance and Reformation. Chapter 17. What was the Renaissance?. Renaissance = Rebirth 1350-1550 in European history was a rebirth in art and learning Subjects the Greeks and Romans studied. Why Italy?. Center of the Roman Empire

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The Renaissance and Reformation

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  1. The Renaissance and Reformation Chapter 17

  2. What was the Renaissance? • Renaissance = Rebirth • 1350-1550 in European history was a rebirth in art and learning • Subjects the Greeks and Romans studied

  3. Why Italy? • Center of the Roman Empire • Wealthy cities in the 1300s, they could afford to pay painters, sculptors, architects • Italy was divided into independently run city-states which competed with each other • This competition brought out the Renaissance

  4. Renaissance Italy

  5. What were the Famous City-States of Italy? • Florence- most famous, produced many artists. The Medici family was Florence’s richest. • Venice- wealthiest. Sailors and shipbuilders. Used canals instead of roads. • Genoa • Milan • Rome

  6. The Rise of Italian City-States • No ruler could unite Italy • City-states fought many wars over territory • They became wealthy through trade because of Italy’s location • Were linked to the “east” during the middle ages (Marco Polo), gained many new items • Each was ruled by one powerful man • Niccolo Machiavelli – wrote how a ruler should maintain power – The Prince 1513

  7. Machiavelli believed rulers should do whatever it takes to maintain power “It is better to be feared than loved”

  8. New Ideas & Art Section 2

  9. Renaissance Humanism • Humanism – way of understanding the world that believed that the individual and human society were important • Francesco Petrarch- studied Roman writers • Dante Alighieri – poet, wrote the “The Divine Comedy” • Chaucer – wrote “The Canterbury Tales” • Johannes Gutenberg- develop the printing press

  10. Renaissance Men

  11. Da Vinci

  12. The Last Supper

  13. Michelangelo

  14. Raphael

  15. William Shakespeare • Renaissance spreads north to England • Writer of tragedies, comedies, and historical plays • Introduced over 1,000 words to the English language • Hamlet, Macbeth, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, and Romeo & Juliet among others!

  16. Read “A Midsummer’s Night Dream” On pages 627-632 and answer questions 1-5 on page 632. Questions will be Collected.

  17. The Reformation Begins Section 3

  18. Calls for Church Reform • Reformation – many wanted to “reform” the Catholic church • Many believed the church taxed people too heavily and spent lavishly • Indulgences – sold by the church to reduce a punishment for sin

  19. Martin Luther • 1517 – challenged the Catholic Church and led a movement known as Protestantism (to Protest) • Believed that only faith = salvation • Ninety Five Theses – arguments against indulgences (Wittenberg) • Excommunicated by Pope • Created his own denomination (branch)

  20. Lutheranism • Faith in Jesus, not good works brings salvation • The Bible is the final source of truth about god, not priests. • Church is all believers, not just the clergy

  21. John Calvin • Calvinism – agreed w/ Luther but added some new ideas • God decides everything in advance, including who will go to heaven and hell: Predestination • To prove they were “chosen” people lived good lives and worked hard • Kings couldn’t run the church • Became the Puritans • Believed in theocracy-church led government

  22. Catholics & Protestants Section 4

  23. Counter Reformation • 1500s & 1600s Catholic Church set out to defeat Protestantism = Counter – Reformation • Bloody wars were fought until 1648 • Pope Paul III formed the Council of Trent to fix the Catholic Church • Jesuits – Society of Jesus, pope’s agents to spread Catholicism • Catholic kings sent missionaries to convert

  24. Pope Paul III

  25. More Counter Reformation • The Thirty Years’ War-worst religious war of the Reformation • Protestants to the North of Europe, Catholics to the South of Europe • The Spanish Inquisition – Catholic Court used to combat heresy • Executed 2,000 Spaniards • King Henry IV of France a Catholic king allowed French Protestants (Huguenots) to worship

  26. France France Inquisition

  27. Henry IV Of Spain

  28. Henry VIII King of England • Ruled 1509 – 1547 • 6 wives (2 divorces, 2 beheaded) because he wanted a son • Pope refused his request for annulment, makes like the marriage never happened • 1534 The Act of Supremacy declared the king head of the Church of England not the pope • The Anglican Church

  29. The Six Wives of Henry VIII

  30. Back and Forth in England • Henry’s daughter Mary becomes queen in 1553 and restores Catholicism • Arrested Protestants and had 300 burned at the stake, “Bloody Mary” • After 5 years Mary died, her half-sister takes the throne--Elizabeth • Queen Elizabeth I – restored the Anglican Church and became a great leader

  31. Bloody Mary

  32. Elizabeth I

  33. END

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