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Renaissance and Reformation

Renaissance and Reformation. Chapter 12. Italian Renaissance. “Rebirth” Ancient Greek and Roman culture/society Emphasis on learning and culture Urban society focused on secular views Age of recovery New view of what man is capable of Leonarod da Vinci – Scientist, artist, inventor

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Renaissance and Reformation

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  1. Renaissance and Reformation Chapter 12

  2. Italian Renaissance • “Rebirth” • Ancient Greek and Roman culture/society • Emphasis on learning and culture • Urban society focused on secular views • Age of recovery • New view of what man is capable of • Leonarod da Vinci – Scientist, artist, inventor • The Renaissance Man

  3. Italian States • 3 Powerful city-states • Dominate politics and trade • Very wealthy • Venice • Milan • Florence

  4. Italian Wars • French want riches of Italy • Invade Italy -1494 • Spain come to Italian aid, fought France • Spain sacks Rome, dominant force in Italy

  5. Niccolo Machiavelli • Provides example for leaders • The Prince – how to acquire and keep power • Morality as nothing to do with politics • Human nature is self-centered • Leader acts on what’s best for state • Influences future leaders

  6. Renaissance Society • 3 classes • Nobles • Character, warrior, educated, standard of conduct • Peasants • Make up vast majority of population, poor • Townspeople • Patricians, artisans, merchants, workers

  7. Ideas and Art • Humanism • Grammar, poetry, philosophy, history • Petrarch was father of humanism • Literature • Written in vernacular • Divine Comedy (Dante’s Inferno) • Dante • Canterbury Tales • Geoffrey Chacer • Education • Education very important, key to improvement • Liberal studies or arts • History, philosophy, grammar, logic, math, music

  8. Art • Art is realistic, human-focused • Sculptures based on Greek and Roman • Fresco paintings come alive, have depth • Architecture based on Greek and Roman • High Renaissance Masters • Leonardo da Vinci • Raphael – Paintings had balance, order, harmony • Michelangelo – Ceiling of Sistine Chapel

  9. Protestant Reformation • Christian Humanism sets stage • Catholic Church was corrupt • Selling of indulgences • Poor spiritual leadership • Martin Luther • At first, advocates reform • Salvation through faith alone • Posts 95 theses • Advocates break with Catholic Church • Lutheranism • Dependent on state

  10. Calvinism • John Calvin • Protestant leader after Luther • Salvation through faith alone • Believes in all-powerful God • Predestination

  11. Protestantism in England • Henry VIII wants divorce • Catholic Church won’t let him • Breaks from Catholic Church • Forms Anglican Church - 1534 • Protestant • King is head of church • “Bloody Mary” • Queen Mary wants England to be Catholic • Burns more than 300 Protestants at the stake - 1534

  12. Anabaptists • Believe in spiritual rebirth • Adult baptism • Separation of church and state

  13. Catholic Reformation • Church had lost strength, reforms itself – mid 1500’s • Faith and good works still required • Upholds 7 sacraments • Selling of indulgences banned • Strong leadership under Pope

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