The Renaissance and Reformation

1. The Renaissance and Reformation The Protestant Reformation

2. The Protestant Reformation • Reformation- Religious revolution that split the church in Western Europe • Causes • Church money hungry (Indulgences) • Not worried about saving souls • Corruption within the hierarchy of the church • Not teaching moral leadership • Humanists first to openly not attend church but to rather gather independently and focus the gatherings on personal faith and spirituality

3. The Protestant Reformation • The Beginning • Germany (300 independent city states) • Very unstable • Johann Tetzel- Monk sent to north Germany to collect money for the church to help build St. Peter’s Basilia. • Sold indulgences (pardons from punishment for sins) • This angered northern humanists/ they wanted the church to be more spiritual

4. The Protestant Reformation • Martin Luther • He left law school to join a monastery in search of salvation • He was not comforted by the churches practices • He was AGAINST indulgences • Developed own ideas • Good deeds didn’t matter faith in God counted • Simple faith could lead to salvation • “justification by grace through faith”

5. The Protestant Reformation • Martin Luther’s Protest • 1517 posted 95th thesis on the church door • 95 points that he didn’t agree with about the church • http://www.luther.de/en/95thesen.html • Chttp://www.luther.de/en/95thesen.htmllaimed the Bible was the sole religious authority • Because of the challenge he was kicked out of the church • 1520 openly disagrees with the church but didn’t want to leave the church • “priesthood of all believers” ?????? • 1521 excommunicated from the Roman Catholic Church • Led to Schism (split/separation)

6. The Protestant Reformation • Diet of Worms • King Charles V holds an imperial diet (gathering) of the empires rulers in the city of worms • King Charles V tells Martin Luther to abandon his beliefs and ideas • Luther refuses • Frederick the wise was the ruler of the area where Luther lived and hid Luther from punishment • While in hiding he translates the Bible into German. • Why important?

7. The Protestant Reformation • Protestantism • The princes who supported Luther and opposed (or protested) the banning of Luther's ideas, beliefs and works • Later the princes started the Lutheran church around Luther’s beliefs and teachings • Big idea: all could understand and interpret scripture • This movement touched a desire among many Western European Christians to strive for a more direct faith

8. The Protestant Reformation • The Spread of Protestantism • Charles V compromised and allowed each city-state allowed to practice its own religion • Sects- religious gatherings of people who shared the same beliefs many lead by a preacher (many died out)

9. The Protestant Reformation • The Anglican Church – Church of England • King Henry VIII cause the break between the Roman Catholic Church and England • Before 1519 defended church against reformation “defender of the faith” • Wanted divorce and wasn’t granted by the Pope • splits from the church and begins the Anglican Church where he is the head of the church not the pope

10. The Protestant Reformation • Calvinism • Named after and based after the beliefs and teachings of John Calvin • He was the head of the protestant church in Switzerland • Published “The Institutes of the Christian Religion” • Explained what the faithful should believe on every major religious question • Huldrych Zwingli influenced John Calvin and was a fan of Erasmus and called for reforms before Luther • Friend of Luther just had different views

11. The Protestant Reforamtion • Calvinism Cont. • Predestination- belief that at the beginning of time God decided who would be saved • Elect: those chosen for salvation • Lived very strict lives and had high moral codes and were completely devoted to Gods wishes • Huguenots- High ranking nobles who converted to Calvinism in France • 1562 bloody civil wars between Huguenots and Catholics • 1598 Edict of Nates allowed to worship freely and have political rights

12. The Protestant Reformation • Theocracy- a government ruled by the religious leaders who claimed God’s authority • Strict laws: no card playing, dancing, profane language or showy dress • Were to live by moral codes and were to be examples to others

13. The Catholic Reformation • The Counter-Reformation- Catholic reformation, return the church to have an emphasis on spiritual matters, made doctrines more clear and stop the spread of Protestantism • Counter Reformation Tactics • Pope Paul III • Revived a spiritual outlook on catholic church, bishops changed to devout and learned men • Brought the inquisition to Rome (punished heretics) • To keep Catholics in church not searching out others

14. The Catholic Reformation • The Council of Trent • 1545-1549 Church leaders met three times to define official church position on matters of the doctrine • Ended indulgences / discipline within the clurgy • It worked, people liked the beautiful churches, respected the priests, were comforted by ceremony, and liked the ability to be saved through good deeds

15. The Catholic Reformation • Jesuits- Society of Jesus • Ignatius de Loyola- founded Jesuits in 1534 • 1540 became an official order • Spread Catholicism, ran the order like military • Stressed education, founded colleges that had humanist values with catholic doctrine

16. The Catholic Reformation • Results of the religious upheaval • Education, literacy *reading* • Increase in power if the national governments and less for the pope