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2.3 Carbon Based Molecules

Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 11 Topic: 2.3 Carbon Based Molecules Essential Question : Compare carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in a Tree Map on pg. 10. 2.3 Carbon Based Molecules. Compare carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in a tree map.

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2.3 Carbon Based Molecules

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  1. Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 11 Topic: 2.3 Carbon Based Molecules Essential Question: Compare carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in a Tree Map on pg. 10. 2.3 Carbon Based Molecules Compare carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in a tree map KEY CONCEPTCarbon-based molecules are the foundation of life

  2. KEY CONCEPTCarbon-based molecules are the foundation of life.

  3. Carbon Atom How many valence electrons does Carbon have?

  4. Carbon • “The building block of life” -carbon atoms are the basis of most molecules that make up living things • Carbon forms covalent bonds with up to four other atoms, including other carbon atoms.

  5. Carbon-based molecules have three general types of structures.

  6. Macromolecules: very large and complex molecules produced when carbon chains bond with carbon rings

  7. Carbon Video- 4 mins

  8. Many carbon-based molecules are made of many small subunits bonded together (like links in a chain) • Monomers are the individual subunits. (mono=1) • Polymers are made of many monomers. (poly= +1)

  9. Carbon Based Molecules Tree Map Poster (p. 44-48) in Bio Book Pg. 10 in INB Carbohydrates • What are they? • 2 main types? • What do we need them for? • At least 4 examplesof foods with carbohydrates • Pictures Proteins • What are they? • What are amino acids? • What do we need them for? • At least 4 examples of foods with proteins • Pictures Nucleic Acids • What are they? • What is their function? • What are the two types? • What do the two types do? • Pictures (p.241) Lipids • What are they? • 2 main types? • What do we need them for? • At least 4 examples of foods with lipids • Pictures Make sure to copy it in your notebook P.10 !!!!

  10. Four main types of carbon-based molecules are found in living things. • Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

  11. Can you think of any foods that you eat that have carbohydrates “carbs” in them?

  12. Two types of Carbohydrates: • Monosaccharides are simple sugars (candy, jam, desserts) • Polysaccharides include starches (cereals, bread, pasta, potatoes, and rice)

  13. Why do we need Carbohydrates???

  14. Carbohydrates can be broken down to provide energy for cells. • Some carbohydrates are part of cell structure.

  15. Lipids are non polar molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that include fats, oils, and cholesterol

  16. Many lipids contain carbon chains called fatty acids. • Fatty acids: chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms

  17. 1) saturated fatty acids: Most animal fats Ex: milk, steak, eggs, butter

  18. 2) Unsaturated fatty acids: Plant fat= oils “Good for you” fats Ex: avocados, nuts, beans

  19. Hypothesize why we need lipids???

  20. broken down as a source of energy • Store large amounts of chemical energy • make up cell membranes/structure

  21. Proteins are polymers of amino acids. • Amino acids: are molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur Carbon bonding four atoms together

  22. What types of foods give us proteins?

  23. Hypothesize why we need proteins?

  24. Proteins are used for movement, eyesight, and digestion.

  25. Nucleic acids biological molecules essential for life on Earth. Made of polymers of nucleotides. • *They have only one job: To work together to make proteins

  26. DNA RNA 2 Types of nucleic acids: • DNA stores the information for making proteins; stores genetic information. • RNA helpsbuilds proteins.

  27. nitrogen-containing molecule,called a base A phosphate group deoxyribose (sugar) • Nucleotides are made of a sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.

  28. Crash Course: Carbon (start 1m40s-10m5s) • 10-15 bullets on P. 11 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnQe0xW_JY4

  29. 1. What three things do our bodies use lipids for? Name three examples of lipids. 2. What three things do our bodies use proteins for? Name three examples of proteins.

  30. 1. What three things do our bodies use lipids for? Name three examples of lipids. 2. What three things do our bodies use proteins for? Name three examples of proteins. • Broken down as energy • Make-up cell membrane • Used to make hormones • Eyesight • digestion • movement

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