Methods of Separating Mixtures

1. Methods of Separating Mixtures • Magnet • Filter • Decant • Evaporation • Centrifuge • Chromatography • Distillation

2. Mixture of solid and liquid Stirring rod Funnel Filter paper traps solid Filtrate (liquid component of the mixture) Filtration separates a liquid from a solid Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry2002, page 40

4. Paper Chromatography

5. Ring stand Beaker Wire gauze Ring Bunsen burner Setup to heat a solution Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry2002, page 42

6. thermometer liquid with a solid dissolved in it condenser tube distilling flask receiving flask pure liquid hose connected to cold water faucet A Distillation Apparatus Dorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter , 3rd Edition, 1990, page 282

7. The solution is boiled and steam is driven off. Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry2002, page 39

8. Salt remains after all water is boiled off. Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry2002, page 39

9. Distillation (physical method) Salt Pure water Saltwater solution (homogeneous mixture) No chemical change occurs when salt water is distilled. Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry2002, page 40

10. Separation of a sand-saltwater mixture. Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry2002, page 40

11. Separation of Sand from Salt • Gently break up your salt-crusted sand with a plastic spoon. • Follow this flowchart to make a complete separation. Salt- crusted sand. Weigh the mixture. Pour into heat-resistant container. Fill with water. Stir and let settle 1 minute. Dry sand. Calculate weight of salt. Weigh sand. Decant clear liquid. No • How does this flow • chart insure a complete • separation? Wet sand. Evaporate to dryness. Repeat 3 times? Yes

12. Centrifugation • Spin sample very rapidly: denser materials go to bottom (outside) • Separate blood into serum and plasma • Serum (clear) • Plasma (contains red blood cells ‘RBCs’) • Check for anemia (lack of iron) AFTER Before Blood Serum RBC’s A B C