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20.2 Types of bonds

20.2 Types of bonds. Warm up. What is a chemical bond? How do elements seek stability?. Objectives . Describe ionic bonds and covalent bonds Identify the particles produced by ionic bonding and by covalent bonding Distinguish between a non-polar covalent and a polar covalent bond.

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20.2 Types of bonds

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  1. 20.2 Types of bonds

  2. Warm up • What is a chemical bond? • How do elements seek stability?

  3. Objectives • Describe ionic bonds and covalent bonds • Identify the particles produced by ionic bonding and by covalent bonding • Distinguish between a non-polar covalent and a polar covalent bond

  4. Introduction • Represent by drawing the way that Na and Cl form Nacl. • Represent by drawing the way H and O form H2O

  5. Gain or loss electrons

  6. Atoms and ions • An atom that has lost or gained electrons is called an ion. • An ion is a charged particle that has either fewer or more electrons than protons.

  7. Monoatomic and polyatomic ions • Ions can be two types: 1- monoatomic ions (1 atom ion) 2- polyatomic ions (more than one atom ion)

  8. Polyatomic ion

  9. What type of ion each of the following atoms will form? 1- potassium K (19) 2- Magnesium Mg (12) 3- Aluminum Al (13) 4- Fluorine F (9)

  10. A bond forms

  11. Ionic bond • What happens when you put Mg and Cl together and allow them to react? • Will they form a bond? • How do you think they will form a bond? • Can you draw an illustration that shows how a bond is formed, if Mg (z=12) and Cl (z=17). • What is the charge of the compound formed?

  12. Think and conclude • Can you predict what type of ion is formed when one atom loses electron and the other gains electron? • Predict what type of elements lose electrons and what type of elements gain electrons? • When is an ionic bond formed?

  13. Covalent bonds • How do elements reach stability if they don’t lose or gain? • Do they form ions? • Predict how water molecules are formed.

  14. Types of covalent bonds • Draw the structure of: 1- water 2- carbon dioxide 3- nitrogen gas

  15. Three types of covalent bonds 1- single covalent bond (2 electrons are shared between 2 atoms) 2- double covalent bond (4 electrons are shared between 2 atoms) 3- triple covalent bond (6 electrons are shared between 2 atoms) Give example about a molecule which contains single covalent bond, another molecule with a double covalent bond and a third molecule with a triple covalent bond.

  16. Ionic bond VS covalent bond • Compare between ionic and covalent bonds.

  17. Unusual sharing • Electrons are not always equally shared between atoms in a covalent bond. • The strength of the atom is related to the size of the atom, charge of the nucleus, and the total number of electrons an atom contains

  18. Equally or unequally sharing • Atoms on the right side of the periodic table tend to attract electrons more

  19. Polar or non-polar molecule • If atoms of a molecule share electrons equally: the molecule is non-polar Ex: Cl2, O2, CO2 • If atoms of a molecule share electrons unequally: The molecule is polar Ex: H2O, HCl, CHCl3, HF

  20. Wrap up

  21. Assignments • Section review questions. Page: 614

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