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Types of Chemical Bonds: Ionic and Covalent

Learn about ionic bonding where atoms exchange electrons to form ions, and covalent bonding where atoms share electrons to fill their valence shells. Understand how to name ionic compounds and predict formulas for covalent compounds. Practice identifying ionic and covalent substances. Color a fun periodic table!

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Types of Chemical Bonds: Ionic and Covalent

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  1. Types of Bonds Unit 4 Topic 2

  2. Ionic Bonding • An Ionic bond forms when two atoms exchange electrons

  3. Ions • The atom which loses electrons, forms a positive ion, (cation) and is a metal • The atom which gains electrons, forms a negative ion (anion) and is a nonmetal.

  4. Metal + Nonmetal • Ionic bonds form between a metal atom and a nonmetal atom. • The ions in the crystalline solid are held together by strong attractions between the oppositely charged ions that make up the compound. HIGHLIGHT THIS!

  5. Metal + Nonmetal • The formulas for ionic compounds are determined by balancing out the charges on the ions. • The ionic compound must be balanced so that the net charge is zero.

  6. Naming Ionic Compounds • To name ionic compounds that contain only two types of elements, the element name of the positive ion is followed by the element name of the negative ion changing the ending of the second element to “ide” • Example: CaCl2 = Calcium Chloride

  7. Covalent Bonding • A Covalent bond forms when two atoms share electrons • Sharing is Caring (C for covalent)

  8. Sharing • Two atoms will share their valence electrons. • They share because neither element has enough pull to take an electron away from the other. • Sharing involves an overlapping of the outermost energy level between the two atoms.

  9. Sharing • The atoms will share electrons in order to fill their valence shell (to have 8 electrons) • Hydrogen is the exception, it is filled when it has two electrons because it is in the first principle energy level or first row of the periodic table.

  10. Nonmetals • Covalent compounds form between two nonmetal elements • (nonmetal + nonmetal)

  11. Formulas • Formulas for covalent compounds can be predicted using electron dot diagrams (Lewis Dot Diagrams). • Nonmetal compounds will share valence electrons until they obtain eight total electrons, the octect rule (hydrogen being the exception)

  12. THIS HAS ANIMATION! O H H

  13. Identify • Categorize the following as Ionic or Covalent: • KF • Na2O • H2 • CO2 • N2 • AlBr3 • BF3 • Cl2 • BeS • NH3 • MgI2 • CH4

  14. Identify • Categorize the following as Ionic or Covalent: • KF • Na2O • H2 • CO2 • N2 • AlBr3 • BF3 • Cl2 • BeS • NH3 • MgI2 • CH4

  15. Metal vs Nonmetals Color a new periodic table in your coloring book. This example has more elements than your periodic table.

  16. The End!

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