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Types of Bonds

5.1 Amole. Types of Bonds. Chemical Bonding. When two or more atoms join a bond is formed It will not fall apart unless enough energy is added to break the bond The type of bond determines certain properties of the compounds they create . Why do atoms bond?.

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Types of Bonds

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  1. 5.1 Amole Types of Bonds

  2. Chemical Bonding • When two or more atoms join a bond is formed • It will not fall apart unless enough energy is added to break the bond • The type of bond determines certain properties of the compounds they create

  3. Why do atoms bond? • Octet Rule: Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons so as to have 8 electrons in their outermost shell (except for H and He)

  4. Types of Bonds • There are three main types of bonds: • Ionic Bond • Covalent Bond • Metallic Bond

  5. Learning Check: • When two or more atoms join, a _________ forms. Bond • How many electrons do most atoms want in their outer shells? 8 • What are the three types of bonds? Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic

  6. IONIC BONDbond formed between two ions by the transferof electrons

  7. Ionic Bonds • Form between metals and nonmetals • Involves the transfer of electrons • The metal gives away electron(s) becoming a positive ion • The nonmetal gains electron(s) becoming a negative ion • The charged atoms are held together because the positive and negative forces are attracted to one another

  8. Ionic bond – electron from Na is transferred to Cl, this causes a charge imbalance in each atom. The Na becomes (Na+) and the Cl becomes (Cl-), charged particles or ions.

  9. Ionic Bonds: One Big Greedy Thief Dog!

  10. Properties of Ionic Bonds • Network solids • High melting and boiling points • Conduct electricity when melted • Many soluble in water but not in nonpolar liquid

  11. Learning Check: • When a bond is formed by the transfer of electrons, a __________ bond is formed. Ionic • These bonds form between… Metals and nonmetals • The metals lose electrons to the nonmetals to create positive and negative ________. Ions

  12. COVALENT BONDbond formed by the sharing of electrons

  13. Covalent Bonds • Form between nonmetals • Involves the sharing of electrons • The nonmetals share one or more pairs of electrons to have a full octet • Two types: polar and nonpolar

  14. Covalent Bonds

  15. Two Types: • Determined by how electrons are shared • Based on electronegativity • Shared evenly = Nonpolar • Shared unevenly = Polar

  16. Non polar Covalent Bonds • when electrons are shared equally • H2 or Cl2 Oxygen Atom Oxygen Atom Oxygen Molecule (O2)

  17. Nonpolar Covalent Bonds: Evenly matched, but willing to share.

  18. Polar Covalent Bonds • when electrons are shared but shared unequally • H2O

  19. Polar Covalent Bonds: Unevenly matched, but willing to share.

  20. Properties of Covalent Bonds • Gases, liquids, or solids • Low melting and boiling points • Poor electrical conductors in all phases • Many soluble in nonpolar liquids but not in water

  21. Learning Check: • When a bond is formed by the sharing of electrons, a __________ bond is formed. Covalent • These bonds form between… Nonmetals • When atoms have different electronegativities, and share electrons unevenly, a ________ molecule is formed. Polar

  22. METALLIC BONDbond found in metals; holds metal atoms together very strongly

  23. Metallic Bonds • Form between metals • Involves the overlapping of outer energy levels • Attraction between one atom’s nucleus and a neighboring atom's electrons packs the atoms closely together • Allows electrons to move freely from one atom to another.

  24. Metallic Bonds: Mellow dogs with plenty of bones to go around.

  25. Properties of Metallic Bonds • Form alloys • Examples: steel, brass, bronze and pewter • Metals conduct electricity well do to the freedom of the electrons to move. • Metals are flexible because the atoms can slide past each other without their bonds breaking.

  26. Identifying Types of Bonds • Look at the chemical formula • Identify the elements in the compound • Determine if the elements are metals or nonmetals (using a periodic table) • Metal – Metal = Metallic • Metal – Nonmetal = Ionic • Nonmetal -- Nonmetal = Covalent • Polar Covalent = different atoms/elements • Nonpolar Covalent = same atoms/elements

  27. Remember: Metals are on the leftof the periodic table, and nonmetals are on the right.

  28. Learning Check:Identify the type of bond present in each compound: • CH4 • Carbon = Nonmetal • Hydrogen = Nonmetal • Covalent Bond (polar) • LiBr • Lithium = Metal • Bromine = Nonmetal • Ionic Bond • FeCl3 • Iron = Metal • Chlorine = Nonmetal • Ionic Bond • O2 • Oxygen = Nonmetal • Oxygen = Nonmetal • Covalent Bond (nonpolar)

  29. Polyatomic Ions • Compounds that contain polyatomic ions contain both ionic and covalent bonds • Involves groups of covalently bonded atoms that have either lost or gained electrons. • Parenthesis group the atoms of a polyatomic ion to remind you that they act as one ion. • Pg. 158 contains a list of many common Polyatomic Ions.

  30. Learning Check:Identify the type of bond present in each compound: • MgCl2 • Magnesium = Metal • Chlorine = Nonmetal • Ionic Bond • NH4Cl • Ammonium = Polyatomic Ion • Chlorine = Nonmetal • Both; Ionic and Covalent • NaOH • Sodium = Metal • Hydroxide = Polyatomic Ion • Both; Ionic and Covalent • NO2 • Nitrogen = Nonmetal • Oxygen = Nonmetal • Covalent Bond (polar)

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