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Rome’s Republic was shaped by a struggle between wealthy landowners and regular citizens as it gradually expanded the right to vote. The Roman Republic. Hello History Students!!. Main Idea. Chapter 8 Section 2 By: Mrs. Deborah Thompson. Patricians and Plebeians.
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Rome’s Republic was shaped by a struggle between wealthy landowners and regular citizens as it gradually expanded the right to vote. The Roman Republic Hello History Students!! Main Idea Chapter 8 Section 2 By: Mrs. Deborah Thompson
Patricians and Plebeians Early Romans were divided into two classes: Patricians Wealthy landowners who made up Rome’s ruling class. Plebeians Group which included artisans, shopkeepers, and owners of small farms. they had less social status and could not hold public office. Both were Roman citizens with the right to vote,the responsibility to pay taxes, and serve in the army.
The top government officials were consuls from the patrician class. Two consuls were chosen each year to head the army and run the government. Roman Government Each consul could veto or reject the other’s decision. Praetors were chosen to act as judges and interpret the law.
Government in Rome The Senate Rome’s most important legislative or lawmaking body 300 patrician men who served for life. They proposed laws, held debates on important issues and approved building programs. Who made the Laws? The Assembly of Centuries • Another Legislative body that: • elected consuls and praetors • 2. passed laws.
These are the steps to … Plebeians against Patricians First: • Plebeians became angry about their lack of power in the Roman Republic. Next: • They went on strike, refused to serve in the army, and left the city to set up their own republic. Then: • The Patricians agreed to allow Plebeians to set up their own body of representatives called the Council of the Plebs with elected Tribunes to represent them. What happened? After that: • Eventually Tribunes won the right to veto government decisions, Plebeians were allowed to marry Patricians and become consuls. As a result: • In 287 B.C. the Council of the Plebs gained the power to pass laws for all Romans.
Roman Leaders An unusual feature of the Roman Republic was the office of dictator. Roman dictators had complete control, but served the people and ruled on a temporary basis during emergencies.
The best known early Roman dictator. A loyal and devoted citizen who was to become dictator when a powerful enemy had surrounded the Roman army. Cincinnatus Defeated the enemy quickly, gave up the position of dictator and returned to his farm. The inspiration for George Washington
Roman Law One of Rome’s chief gifts to the world was its system of law. it was the model for the government of the United States. The Twelve Tables were placed in the Forum, Rome’s marketplace. Became the basis for all future Roman laws and established the principle that all free citizens had the right to be treated equally by the legal system. Rome’s first code of laws was the Twelve Tables . it was demanded by the Plebeians.
Roman Law As the Romans took over more lands, new rules were needed to solve legal disputes between citizens and non-citizens. They created a collection of laws called the Law of Nations that stated principles of justice that applied to all people everywhere and included: A person is seen as innocent until proven guilty. People accused of crimes could defend themselves. 1. 2.
The Romans established the rule of law : the idea that the law should apply to everyone equally and that all people should be treated the same way by the law.
Rome Expands Main Idea: Rome slowly destroyed the Carthaginian Empire and took control of the entire Mediterranean region.
Rome Expands • While Rome developed it’s government, it also faced challenges abroad. • Their enemy was the state of Carthage on the coast of North Africa and southern Europe. • Founded by the Phoenicians, Carthage ruled a great trading empire and made itself the largest and richest city in the western Mediterranean.
The First Punic War Both Carthage and Rome wanted control of Sicily and went to War for it in 264 B.C It was called the First Punic War. Punicus is Latin for Phoenician. The Romans built a large fleet of ships and fought 20 years to defeat the Carthaginians Sicily came under Roman rule.
After losing Sicily, Carthage began to expand it’s empire into southern Spain close to the Roman borders. Carthage sent it’s greatest general, Hannibal, to attack Rome and take the war to Italy. Rome became angry and encouraged people in Spain to rebel. The Second Punic War The Second Punic War began.
Hannibal Hannibal’s strategy was to take the war to Italy. He took 46,000 men, many horses, and 37 elephants and crossed the Alps into Italy. Many died. Hannibal defeated the Romans at the Battle of Cannae by overpowering them. A Roman army led by Scipio attacked Carthage and Hannibal was forced to return home. Scipio defeated the Carthagians and forced them to give up Spain. Rome now ruled the Mediterranean.
Hannibal 1. Hannibal’s strategy was to take the war to Italy. 2. He took 46,000 men, many horses, and 37 elephants and crossed the Alps into Italy. Many died. 3. Hannibal defeated the Romans at the Battle of Cannae by overpowering them. 4. A Roman army led by Scipio attacked Carthage and Hannibal was forced to return home. 5. Scipio defeated the Carthaginians and forced them to give up Spain. Rome now ruled the Mediterranean.
More Conquests • Carthage remained a trading center until 146 B.C. Rome finally destroyed it in the Third Punic War. • The Romans burned Carthage and enslaved 50,000 men, women and children. • Legends say they scattered salt to destroy the land for agriculture.
