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Catalyst Testing for Inboard/Sterndrive Engines - Environmental Protection Agency

This article outlines the regulatory background, on-water demonstration project, and other related issues regarding the catalyst testing for inboard/sterndrive engines. It also discusses the benefits and emission standards of these engines.

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Catalyst Testing for Inboard/Sterndrive Engines - Environmental Protection Agency

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  1. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board Status OfInboard/SterndriveCatalyst Testing October 28, 2004

  2. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board Outline • Regulatory Background • On-Water Demonstration Project • Other Related Issues • Conclusions

  3. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board Outboard Engines

  4. Personal Watercraft

  5. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board Outboard/PWC Rulemakings • 1996: Federal Outboard/PWC • Implemented in 1998 • Standards gradually more stringent • Most stringent in 2006

  6. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board Outboard/PWC Rulemakings • 1998: California Outboard/PWC • Major contributor to weekend ozone • 2001: Equal to 2006 Federal Standards • 2004: 20% cleaner than CA 2001 • 2008: 65% cleaner than CA 2001 • Cost Effective

  7. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board Benefits of Outboard/PWC Regulation

  8. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board Inboard Boat

  9. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board Inboard Engine

  10. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board Sterndrive Boat

  11. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board Sterndrive Engine

  12. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board Inboard/Sterndrive Rulemaking • 2001: California Inboard/Sterndrive • Addresses remainder of gasoline recreational boat emissions • Catalyst-based standards adopted • Resolution 01-23: On-water Demonstration • Safety • Durability

  13. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board Inboard/SterndriveEmission Standards • 2003: 16 g/kW-hr HC+NOx • 2007: 5 g/kW-hr HC+NOx • 2007 45% • 2008 75% • 2009 100% • On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) • 2007 more basic • 2009 more advanced • Cost Effective

  14. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board Benefits of Inboard Regulation

  15. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board On-Water/Catalyst Project Aim of Project • Demonstrate catalysts are safe • Demonstrate catalysts are durable

  16. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board On-Water/Catalyst Project Project Participants • ARB: Project Manager • NMMA: Boats and Engines • MECA: Emission Control Devices • U.S. Coast Guard: Boat Drivers • SwRI: Project Contractor

  17. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board On-Water/Catalyst Project • Boats: • 4 Inboard/Sterndrive Boats • Control System: • Catalyst Exhaust Systems • Closed-Loop Fuel Control • Test Plan: • 0-hour, On-Water, 480-hour Sampling

  18. Exhaust Manifold Water Jacket Point of Water and Exhaust Mixing Jacket Water Inlet California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board Exhaust Manifold Cutaway Water Level

  19. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board Catalyzed Exhaust System

  20. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board Catalyzed Inboard Engine

  21. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board HC+NOx Emissions (0-hour): Baseline vs. Catalyst Current Standard

  22. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board HC+NOx Emissions:0-Hour vs. 480-Hour Current Standard 2007 Standard

  23. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board Exhaust “Skin” Temperature U.S. Coast Guard and ABYC Standard

  24. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board Project Issues • Some mechanical problems • Cracked manifolds • Hot-start issue • Propeller replacement • No impact on catalyst durability or safety • Mechanical problems not related to catalysts or emission control systems

  25. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board Other Issues • U.S. EPA Activity • Proposing Evaporative Standards • Proposing Carbon Monoxide (CO) Standards? • Harmonizing with California? • Early 2005 Proposal

  26. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board Other Issues(cont’d.) • CO Emissions and Exposure • 1,200 ppm endangers health • NIOSH “REL” standard: 35 ppm (200 ppm ceiling) • CO concentrations from non-catalyst engines • Lake Norman, NC: 500-1,000 ppm (peak above 1,000) • CO concentrations from catalyst-equipped engines • Canyon Lake, TX: below 35 ppm (peak below 200) • U.S. Coast Guard “CO workshops” • Legislation: AB 2222

  27. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board Other Issues(cont’d.) Industry’s Requests • Change implementation date • Regs contain a 2007-2009 phase-in • Industry prefers a 100% implementation in 2008 • Air Quality impact is small

  28. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board Other Issues(cont’d.) Industry’s Requests • Emission “averaging” for 500+ hp engines • On-Board Diagnostics for Catalysts • Regs contain a 2007-2009 phase-in • Industry prefers a 2008-2012 phase-in • Salt water testing

  29. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board Conclusions • Demonstration showed: • Catalysts are safe and durable • Catalyst-based emission standards are achievable • Staff will continue discussions with industry on possible regulatory changes • Salt water testing • Staff will update the Board, if necessary

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