1 / 9

The Congress of Vienna

The Congress of Vienna. After Napoleon. Need for new order in Europe, based on general consensus Great Powers: France + Great Alliance (Britain, Russia, Prussia, Austria) Problem: new order or restoration of old order? Reversement of European order by Napoleon as a given fact

benson
Download Presentation

The Congress of Vienna

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Congress of Vienna

  2. After Napoleon • Need for new order in Europe, based on general consensus • Great Powers: France + Great Alliance (Britain, Russia, Prussia, Austria) • Problem: new order or restoration of old order? • Reversement of European order by Napoleon as a given fact • Principles of „new“ order: • Restoration, legitimacy, solidarity

  3. Settlements • First Peace of Paris: end of French hegemony, Bourbon dynasty restored, French territory like in 1792, no financial compensations • Second Peace of Paris (after Napoleon‘s 100 days rule): France occupied for 3 years, financial compensations • Congress of Vienna

  4. The Congress of Vienna • Most important settlement since Peace of Westphalia 1648 • Stable new order, lasts until 1866 • Series of meetings (no central conference) • Characterized by outstanding politicians: Metternich (Austria), Hardenberg (Prussia), Nesselrode (Russia), Castlereagh (Britain), Talleyrand (France)

  5. Territorial Changes • France: reduced to status of 1792 • Britain: gains mainly in Mediterranian Sea, S-Africa, Ceylon • Austria: annexations in N-Italy (Lombardy, Venetia) • Russia: Finland (1812), Bessarabia, „Congress-Poland“ • Prussia: annexations in W-Germany • Restoration of Pentarchy

  6. Europe 1815

  7. Alliances • The Holy Alliance: Russia, Prussia, Austria, based on principles of Christianity, Restoration, Legitimacy, Solidarity (right to intervene in case of revolutionaty activities) • Quadruple Alliance: against possible French ambitions

  8. Germany after 1815 • 1806: End of HRE, Franz II. becomes „Emperor of Austria“ • 1815: „German Union“ established, historical successor of HRE, alliance of German monarchs • Policy: anti-revolutionary („System Metternich“) • New kingdoms (designed by Napoleon): Bavaria, Württemberg, Saxony

  9. The Upcoming Age of Revolution • 1817: Students‘ protests in Germany (Wartburg festival), reaction by governments: Karlsbad Decisions (1819) • Revolts in Ottoman Empire (1804 Serbia, 1820 Greece) • 1830: Revolutions in France, Poland • 1848: Revolutions in France, Germany, Hungary, Italy

More Related