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The Congress of Vienna

The Congress of Vienna. “Enlightened Absolutists” reestablish control Klemens von Metternich The “Concert of Europe” The Principle of Legitimacy Only rightful heirs to the throne should rule Maintain Balance of Power No European nation should be any more or less powerful than another

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The Congress of Vienna

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  1. The Congress of Vienna • “Enlightened Absolutists” reestablish control • Klemens von Metternich • The “Concert of Europe” • The Principle of Legitimacy • Only rightful heirs to the throne should rule • Maintain Balance of Power • No European nation should be any more or less powerful than another • Principle of Intervention • Countries may intervene by force to insure the maintenance of the throne in another country • Question to Ponder… • Was the Congress of Vienna influenced by the Enlightenment thinkers Locke, Rousseau, and Montesquieu?

  2. The Industrial Revolution

  3. Interpretations • The old way of interpreting the I.R. • Genius inventors • Textiles & mining • Crowded Factories • Concentration on England • …and those that did not develop as quickly as England and why

  4. Reinterpretation of the IR • Contemporary interpretation • The I.R. was an intensification of existing forms of production. • Intensification of artisanal production • Rural handicrafts, people producing things more efficiently at home • Finishing • England: Birmingham, Sheffield, • France: Reims, Nancy • until 1870 the largest unit of production consisted of slightly more than seven people.

  5. The Industrial Revolution • The Industrial Revolution begins in England- Why? • Location and type of resources • Proximity to the sea • Transportation infrastructure • Banking systems • Fluidity between classes • Larger proletariat • You can’t have an industrial revolution without 1st having an agricultural revolution

  6. The Industrial Revolution • The Agricultural Revolution • Population • Urbanization • Truck Farming • Capital formation • Conurbation • Protoindustrialization • Finishing, again • Whatever is cheapest

  7. The Industrial Revolution • Women‘s roles- what changed and what stayed the same? • Head of the family economy • 1850 largest three categories • Domestic servants • Textile operatives • Rural proletarians • Prostitutes • Paris 20k-100k

  8. The Industrial Revolution • “Proletarianization” • Objective sense • Heredity • Effect of the French Revolution • Guilds banished • Laissez faire • “Crisis of Expansion” • Crisis for artisans • Eg., tailors and porcelain

  9. Industrial Revolution • Industrial Discipline and the movement to factories • Artisans • Josiah Wedgewood • Boss vs. Foreman • Strikes • F.W. Taylor and production measurement • The efficiency movement & scientific management • In the end “the foreman will be replaced by the quiet violence of the Computer” Michelle Perrot, 1978 ; The Three Ages of Industrial Discipline.

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