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The Congress of Vienna

The Congress of Vienna. Sep. 1814- Jun 1815. Congress of Vienna. Conference held following Napoleon’s defeat(s) Want to “turn back the clock” Restore monarchs, establish legitimacy Restoration of pre-Napoleon rulers House of Bourbon – France, Spain, and the two Sicilies

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The Congress of Vienna

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  1. The Congress of Vienna Sep. 1814- Jun 1815

  2. Congress of Vienna • Conference held following Napoleon’s defeat(s) • Want to “turn back the clock” • Restore monarchs, establish legitimacy • Restoration of pre-Napoleon rulers • House of Bourbon – France, Spain, and the two Sicilies • House of Braganza – Portugal • House of Orange – Netherlands • House of Savoy – Sardinia • German princes – territories in the Confederation of the Rhine • Pope and Catholic Church – Papal States

  3. Congress of Vienna • Conference held following Napoleon’s defeat(s) • Want to “turn back the clock” • Restore monarchs, establish legitimacy • Create a lasting peace • Led by the Quadruple Alliance • (Prus, Rus, Aus, GB) • & France • Other minor states attend, are ignored

  4. Key Players at Vienna Foreign Minister, Viscount Castlereagh (Br.) Tsar Alexander I (Rus.) The “Host”Prince Klemens von Metternich (Aus.) King Frederick William III (Prus.) Foreign Minister, Charles Maurice de Tallyrand (Fr.)

  5. Treatment of France • Meant to be lenient, restore status quo • Louis XVIII made king of France (Bourbon) • Generous borders • No reparations

  6. Treatment of France • Meant to be lenient, restore status quo • Louis XIII made king of France (Bourbon) • Generous borders • No reparations • Following Napoleon’s “100 Days” • 700,000 Francs reparations • Loses some land • Agree to 5 year military occupation

  7. Weakening French Aggression • United Belgium & Holland under Duke of Orange • Prussia given land on the Rhine • German Confederation of 39 states created, dominated by Austria • Sardinia strengthened • Serve as buffers around France

  8. Etc. • Russia gets half of Poland • Prussia gets some of Saxony • Swiss neutrality guaranteed • Britain receives number of colonies • Austria gets wealthy Italian provinces • Sweden gets Norway • Sardinia gets number of N. Italian provinces

  9. The Concert of Europe • Quadruple Alliance commits to maintaining a balance of power • Lasting peace • Congress almost ends in war over Prussian & Russian demands • GB, Fra, Aus ally against them, Prus & Rus back down • Focus on preserving conservative order • Hope to squash liberalism, nationalism

  10. The Concert of Europe • Meet regularly • Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle • Becomes Quintuple Alliance when France is added • Congresses of Troppau & Laibach • Continental powers desire to intervene to stop revolutions • Britain refuses • Congress of Verona • Supports Frances intervention to support King of Spain against liberal revolution • Britain leaves the Quintuple Alliance

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