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The Congress of Vienna

The Congress of Vienna. Europe in 1812. Main Objectives. It’s job was to undo everything that Napoléon had done: Reduce France to its old boundaries  her frontiers were pushed back to 1790 level.

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The Congress of Vienna

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  1. The Congress of Vienna

  2. Europe in 1812

  3. Main Objectives • It’s job was to undo everything that Napoléon had done: • Reduce France to its old boundaries  her frontiers were pushed back to 1790 level. • Restore as many of the old monarchies as possible that had lost their thrones during the Napoléonic era. • Supported the resolution: There is always an alternative to conflict.

  4. Key Players at Vienna Foreign Minister, Viscount Castlereagh (Br.) Tsar Alexander I (Rus.) The “Host”Prince Klemens von Metternich (Aus.) King Frederick William III (Prus.) Foreign Minister, Charles Maurice de Tallyrand (Fr.)

  5. Key Principles Established at Vienna • Balance of Power • Legitimacy • Compensation • Coalition forces would occupy France for 3-5 years. • France would have to pay an indemnity of 700,000,000 francs.

  6. Changes Made at Vienna (1) • France was deprived of all territory conquered by Napoléon. • Russia was given most of Duchy of Warsaw (Poland). • Prussia was given half of Saxony, parts of Poland, and other German territories. • A Germanic Confederation of 30+ states (including Prussia) was created from the previous 300, under Austrian rule. • Austria was given back territory it had lost recently, plus more in Germany and Italy. • The House of Orange was given the Dutch Republic and the Austrian Netherlands to rule.

  7. The Germanic Confederation, 1815 Barriers to future French aggression Polish/Saxon Question

  8. Changes Made at Vienna (2) • Norway and Sweden were joined. • The neutrality of Switzerland was guaranteed. • Hanover was enlarged, and made a kingdom. • Britain was given Cape Colony, South Africa, and various other colonies in Africa and Asia. • Sardinia was given Piedmont, Nice, Savoy, and Genoa. • The Bourbon Ferdinand I was restored in the Two Sicilies. • The Duchy of Parma was given to Marie Louise. • The slave trade was condemned (at British urging). • Freedom of navigation was guaranteed for many rivers.

  9. Europe After the Congress of Vienna

  10. Under Metternich’s leadership, Austria, Prussia and Russia (not England) embarked on a crusade against the ideas and politics of the dual revolution. This crusade lasted until 1848. The first step was the Holy Alliance, formed by Austria, Prussia and Russia in September 1815. First proposed by Russia’s Czar Alexander I, the alliance soon became a symbol of the repression of liberal and revolutionary movements across Europe. Holy Alliance

  11. Congress System

  12. PEAR countries removed their occupying forces from France. France was considered rehabilitated. Congress of Aix La Chapelle1818

  13. Troppau Protocol The PEAR countries stated they could intervene in any country where the status quo was threatened by liberal or nationalistic revolution. Then Metternich System was very reactionary Crush liberal or national revolutions Carlsbad Decrees Congress of Troppau 1820

  14. PEAR came together and said that France should stop the revolution in Spain. Congress of VeronaOctober 1822

  15. PEAR countries dealt with Italy (Kingdom of the Two Sicilies) Congress of Laibach1821

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