CLASH OF BELIEFS AND IDEALS CHS. 9-11, GPS 9, 10

1. CLASH OF BELIEFS AND IDEALSCHS. 9-11, GPS 9, 10 • SSUSH9 The student will identify key events, issues, and individuals relating to the • causes, course, and consequences of the Civil War. • a. Explain the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the failure of popular sovereignty, Dred Scott case, and John Brown’s Raid. • b. Describe President Lincoln’s efforts to preserve the Union as seen in his second inaugural address and the Gettysburg speech and in his use of emergency powers, such as his decision to suspend habeas corpus. • c. Describe the roles of Ulysses Grant, Robert E. Lee, “Stonewall” Jackson, William T. Sherman, and Jefferson Davis. • d. Explain the importance of Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and the Battle for Atlanta. • e. Describe the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation. • f. Explain the importance of the growing economic disparity between the North and the South through an examination of population, functioning railroads, and industrial output.

2. CLASH OF BELIEFS • The Civil War is one of the key events that formed America’s national character. This unit examines the causes and effects of the conflict and change of the American Civil War. It also provides a rich field for examining the role of individuals, groups and institutions in shaping history. It will also show how production, distribution, and consumption help the economy to thrive as industry supports the war. The unit concludes with a focus on the beliefs and ideals of political reconstruction of the South and the struggles of newly freed African-Americans.

3. CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR • 1. Economic and social differences between the North and the South • 2. States’ rights versus federal rights • 3. The fight between Slave and Non-Slave State Proponents • 4. Growth of the Abolition Movement • 5. The election of Abraham Lincoln

4. THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR • 1. 1861-1865 • 2. THE WAR OF NORTHERN AGGRESSION • 3. THE WAR OF SOUTHERN REBELLION • 4. THE WAR BETWEEN THE STATES

5. AMERICAN CIVIL WAR • The American Civil War (1861–1865), also known as the War Between the States and several other names, was a civil war in the United States of America. Eleven Southernslave states declared their secession from the U.S. and formed the Confederate States of America (the Confederacy). Led by Jefferson Davis, they fought against the U.S. federal government (the "Union"), which was supported by all the free states and the five border slave states.

6. In the presidential election of 1860, the Republican Party, led by Abraham Lincoln, had campaigned against the expansion of slavery beyond the states in which it already existed. The Republican victory in that election resulted in seven Southern states declaring their secession from the Union even before Lincoln took office on March 4, 1861. Both the outgoing and incoming U.S. administrations rejected secession, regarding it as rebellion.

7. THE UNITED STATES IN 1861

8. USA CSA USA V. CSA

9. EVENTS BEFORE THE WAR • 1. PUBLICATION, UNCLE TOM’SCABIN, 1852 • 2. KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT, 1854 • 3. DRED SCOTT DECISION, 1857, BY SCOTUS (SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES) • 4. JOHN BROWN’S RAID, 1859

10. Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly is an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. Published in 1852, the novel had a profound effect on attitudes toward African Americans and slavery in the United States, so much in the latter case that the novel intensified the sectional conflict leading to the American Civil War. UNCLE TOM’S CABIN

11. The book's impact was so great that when Abraham Lincoln met Stowe at the start of the American Civil War, Lincoln is often quoted as having declared, "So this is the little lady who made this big war."

12. KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT, 1854 • 1. KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT, 1854 • 1) SLAVERY ISSUE…AGAIN • 2) REPEALED MISSOURI COMPROMISE, 1820 • 3) GAVE SETTLERS RIGHT TO DECIDE SLAVERY QUESTION • 4) POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY • 5) BLEEDING KANSAS

13. “BLEEDING KANSAS” • Bleeding Kansas, sometimes referred to in history as Bloody Kansas or the Border War, was a series of violent events, involving Free-Staters (anti-slavery) and pro-slavery "Border Ruffian" elements, that took place in the Kansas Territory and the western frontier towns of the U.S. state of Missouri roughly between 1854 and 1858. These incidents were attempts to influence whether Kansas would enter the Union as a free or slave state. The term "Bleeding Kansas" was coined by Horace Greeley of the New York Tribune. • RESULT: FAILURE OF POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY

14. DRED SCOTT DECISION • 1. SCOTUS CASE, 1857 • 2. DRED SCOTT, BLACK SLAVE • 3. CLAIMED HE SHOULD BE FREE SINCE HE LIVED IN FREE AND SLAVE STATES WITH HIS OWNER • 4. COURT RULED THAT NO BLACK, EVEN IF FREE, WAS A U.S. CITIZEN • 5. COURT ALSO RULED CONGRESS COULD NOT STOP SPREAD OF SLAVERY IN FEDERAL TERRITORIES • 6. RESULT: POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY AND MISSOURI COMPROMISE WERE UNCONSTITUTIONAL.

15. IMPORTANCE OF DRED SCOTT DECISION • 1. THE DECISION GAVE SLAVERY PROTECTION OF THE USC. • 2. ANTI-SLAVERY REPUBLICANS WANT TO OVERTURN DECISION.

16. JOHN BROWN • 1. ABOLITIONIST • 2. USED VIOLENCE AND MURDER TO PROMOTE GOAL • 3. BELIEVED HE WAS CHOSEN BY GOD TO END SLAVERY • 4. ATTACKED PRO-SLAVERY SETTLERS IN KANSAS, 1856 • 5. ATTACKED FEDERAL ARMORY IN HARPER’S FERRY, WV, 1859 • 6.PLANNED TO GIVE WEAPONS TO SLAVES FOR SLAVE REBELLION • 7.TERRORIST KILLER OR ABOLITIONIST MARTYR

17. John Brown (May 9, 1800 – December 2, 1859) was an Americanabolitionist who advocated and practiced armed insurrection as a means to end all slavery. He led the Pottawatomie Massacre in 1856 in Bleeding Kansas and made his name in the unsuccessful raid at Harpers Ferry in 1859. President Abraham Lincoln said he was a "misguided fanatic." JOHN BROWN

18. PRESERVATION OF THE UNION • 1. 1860, LINCOLN ELECTED PRES. • 2. GOAL: PRESERVE UNION • 3. SC SECEDED (WITHDREW) FROM THE UNION FOLLOWED BY MI, FL, AL, GA, LA, TX • 4. RESULT: FORMATION OF CSA (CONFEDERACY) • 5. CSA ATTACKED USA AT FORT SUMTER, CHARLESTON, SC…BEGINNING OF WAR

19. 1. PRESERVE UNION 2. SOUTHERN STATES DID NOT HAVE RIGHT TO SECEDE. 3. SOUTH, STATES IN REBELLION 4. NEVER RECOGNIZED THE CSA AS A SEPARATE NATION 5. RESTRICT SPREAD OF SLAVERY, LATER, ABOLITION ABRAHAM LINCOLN’S VIEWS-ACTIONS

20. 6. SUSPENDED THE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT OF HABEAS CORPUS, LEGAL RIGHT THAT ANYONE IMPRISIONED MUST APPEAR BEFORE JUDGE TO DETERMINE IF PRISONER IS BEING HELD LEGALLY • 7. USED EMERGENCY POWERS IN TIME OF NATIONAL EMERGENCY • 8. JEFFERSON DAVIS DID THE SAME IN CSA.

21. ABRAHAM LINCOLN’S ACTIONS • 9. ISSUED EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION • 1) FREED SLAVES IN CSA STATES • 2) RESULT: IN ADDITION TO A WAR TO PRESERVE UNION, A MORAL WAR TO ABOLISH SLAVERY • 3) IMPACT ON MANPOWER

23. IMPORTANT LEADERS OF THE CIVIL WAR, GOVERNMENT AND MILITARY • 1. LEADERS REPRESENTED BELIEFS WHICH SEPARATED N AND S • 2. N LEADERS: ILLEGAL FOR S TO SECEDE FROM UNION; THE CONFEDERATES WERE OUTLAWS AND NOT CITIZENS OF A NEW NATION • 3. S. LEADERS: LOYALTY TO STATE; CONFEDERATES FOUGHT TO PROTECT HOMES EVEN THOUGH THERE WERE MISGIVINGS ABOUT SECESSION • 4. CHART OF LEADERS

24. IMPORTANT BATTLES OF THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR • 1. MOST LAND BATTLES, W. OF MISS. RIVER • 2. SEA BATTLES, ATLANTIC AND GULF OF MEXICO • 3. MISS. RIVER BATTLES

25. FOUR IMPORTANT BATTLES • 1. ANTIETAM, MARYLAND, 9.1862 • 2. GETTYSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, 4.1863 • 3. VICKSBURG, MISSISSIPPI, 5-7.1863 • 4. ATLANTA, GEORGIA, 7-9, 1864

26. ANTIETAM • 1. DEADLIEST 1-DAY BATTLE IN U.S. MIL. HISTORY, 26,000 CASUALTIES • 2. ROBERT E. LEE, S, MARCHED N • 3. LEE RETREATED, N DID NOT PURSUE (N, 2 T0 1 IN TROOP NOS.) • 4. IMPORTANCE: LEE’S FAILURE TO WIN ENCOURAGED LINCOLN TO ISSUE EMAN. PROC.

27. ANTIETAM (SHARPSBURG, S)

28. GETTYSBURG • 1. DEADLIEST BATTLE OF WAR, 51,000 CASUALTIES, 3 DAYS • 2. LEE MARCHED N. TO PA • 3. LEE FAILED TO SHOW FRANCE AND GB TO HELP S. • 4. IMPORTANCE: FAILURE TO INVADE N. AND SHOW S. COULD NOT WIN, TURNING POINT • 5. 4 MONTHS LATER, GETTYSBURG ADDRESS TO DEDICATE CEMETERY

30. VICKSBURG • 1. N. GENERAL U.S. GRANT • 2. GOAL: CONTROL OF MISS. RIVER • 3. N. VICTORY, TURNING POINT (COINCIDED WITH N. VICTORY AT GETTYSBURG)

32. ATLANTA • 1. N, WILLIAM T SHERMAN • 2. GOAL: CAPTURE RR AND INDUSTRIAL CENTER IN S • 3. N. VICTORY, SHERMAN BURNED ATLANTA AND “MARCHED TO THE SEA” LEAVING A PATH OF DESTRUCTION TO SAVANNAH, GA • 4. S LOSING, N WINNING • 5. LINCOLN WON REELECTION IN 1864.

34. GETTYSBURG ADDRESS • 1. OCCASION: DEDICATION OF CEMETERY • 2. 2 MIN SPEECH, ABRAHAM LINCOLN • 3. RAISED SPIRITS OF N • 4. USA IS AN INDIVISIBLE NATION.

36. LINCOLN’S 2ND INAUGURAL ADDRESS • 1. 1864 • 2. N VICTORY IN SIGHT WITH END OF SLAVERY • 3. LINCOLN DID NOT BOAST OF VICTORY. • 4. SLAVERY WAS AN EVIL AND N HAD RIGHT TO GO TO WAR. • 5. URGED N NOT TO SEEK REVENGE ON S • 6. URGED RECONSTRUCTION OF S “WITH MALICE TOWARD NONE, WITH CHARITY OF ALL.” • 7. WAR TO PRESERVE UNION AS INDIVISIBLE NATION WHICH WOULD NOT PROFIT FROM HUMAN BONDAGE

37. SURRENDER OF THE SOUTH • 1. LEE AND GRANT MET AT APPOMATTOX COURT HOUSE, VIRGINIA,TO ARRANGE THE CONFEDERATE SURRENDER, APRIL 9, 1865

38. APPOMATTOX COURT HOUSE, 1865

39. ASSASSINATION OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN • 1. APRIL 14, 1865 • 2. FORD’S THEATER, WASHINGTON D.C • 3. BRITSH PLAY, OUR AMERICAN COUSIN • 4. ASSASSIN, JOHN WILKES BOOTH • 5. “SIC SEMPER TYRANNIS”… • 6. “THUS BE IT EVER TO TYRANTS”

40. John Wilkes Booth (May 10, 1838 – April 26, 1865) was an American stage actor who assassinated PresidentAbraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre, in Washington, D.C., on April 14, 1865. Booth was a member of the prominent 19th century Booth theatrical family from Maryland and, by the 1860s, was a popular actor, well known in both the Northern United States and the South.[1] He was also a Confederate sympathizer vehement in his denunciation of the Lincoln Administration and outraged by the South's defeat in the American Civil War. He strongly opposed the abolition of slavery in the United States and Lincoln's proposal to extend voting rights to recently emancipated slaves. H

41. RESULTS OF THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR • IMMEDIATE • 1. ABOLITION OF SLAVERY • 2. WIDENING GAP BETWEEN N AND S ECONOMIES • 3. DEVASTATION OF THE S • 4. REUNIFICATION OF THE NATION

42. RESULTS OF THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR • LONG-TERM • 1. RECONSTRUCTION OF THE SOUTH • 2. INDUSTRIAL BOOM, MAINLY N • 3. INCREASED FEDERAL AUTHORITY, NATIONAL GOVERNMENT (END OF STATES’S RIGHTS)