The Allied Victory Chapter 16.4

1. The Allied VictoryChapter 16.4

2. The Allied Victory December 22, 1941 Winston Churchill and President Roosevelt meet to develop a war policy. Stalin had asked for help to split Germany into 2 separate fronts.

3. The Tide Turns on Two Fronts • The North African Campaign • Rommel takes Tobruk, Libya June 1942; pushes toward Egypt • British General Montgomery fiercely attacks at El Alamein, forces Rommel back and retreated west • American forces land in Morocco, November 1942 – Operation Torch • General Dwight D. Eisenhower – American commander in Morocco • In May 1943, Rommel’s forces were defeated by Eisenhower and Montgomery’s forces

4. The Tide Turns on Two Fronts The Battle for Stalingrad • Summer 1942, German army moves to capture Soviet oil fields • August 23, 1942, Battle of Stalingrad – Soviets, Germans battle for control of city • Luftwaffe – nightly bombing raids on city • By November – Germans controlled 90% of city – but then were surrounded and trapped • By February 1943 90,000 frost bitten Germans surrendered

5. The Tide Turns on Two Fronts • The Invasion of Italy • U.S., British forces land on, capture Sicily on July 19, 1943 • Mussolini loses power but Germans keep control of northern Italy • Victor Emanuel III had him arrested • Allies invade Italy, but Germans keep fighting there until war ends • Italy surrenders September 3, 1943

6. The Allied Home Front Mobilizing for War in US • Fighting the war requires complete use of all national resources • 17 to 18 million US workers – many of them women – make weapons • People at home face shortages of consumer goods • Propaganda aims to inspire civilians to aid war effort War Limits Civil Rights • Japanese Americans face prejudice, fear • Army puts Japanese Americans in interment camps in 1942

7. US Mobilization

8. WW2 in The Bay Area Shipbuilding, liberty ships. Supply the Pacific theater with ammunition, food and other supplies. Headquarters for Army, Navy. Massive increase in population • Opportunities for minorities & women.

9. Japanese Internment

10. Japanese Internment

12. 442nd Infantry Regiment Japanese American Regiment Most decorated regiment in WW2 21 Medals of Honor

13. Victory in Europe • The D-Day Invasion • Allies plan invasion of France; use deception to confuse Germans • D-Day – June 6,1944; day of “Operation Overlord” invasion of France • Allied forces capture Normandy beaches; liberate Paris by September • The Battle of the Bulge • US, British forces advance on Germany from west, Soviets from east • Battle of the Bulge – German counterattack in December 1944 • Germans gain early success but forced to retreat

14. Battle of the Bulge, December 1944 • Last German offensive of the war • Try to breakthrough Allied lines, cutoff supplies • Germans are pushed back after initial successes

15. Victory In Europe Germany’s Unconditional Surrender • By 1945, Allied armies approach Germany from two sides • Soviets surrounded Berlin in April 1945 Hitler commits suicide • On May 9, 1945, Germany officially surrender. • President Roosevelt dies in April; Harry Truman becomes President

16. Soviets Take Berlin, April, 1945

17. Victory in the Pacific The Japanese in Retreat • Allies move to retake the Philippines in late 1944 • Battle of Leyte Gulf leaves Japanese navy badly damaged • Kamikazes – Japanese pilots who fly suicide missions. • In March 1945, American forces capture Iwo Jima. • US takes Okinawa in June 1945; Japan suffers huge casualties.

18. Island Hopping

20. Victory in the Pacific The Japanese Surrender • Advisors warn Truman that invasion of Japan will cost many lives • He has alternative; powerful new weapon called atomic bomb • Manhattan Project – secret program to develop the atomic bomb

21. Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, August 6, 1945; about 75,000 die • Nagasaki bombed on August 9; 70,000 die immediately • Japanese surrender on September 2, 1945 on the battleship Missouri