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The Allied Victory (Ch. 16, Sec. 4). How did the Allies gain control on both war fronts?. Allied Forces under Montgomery (British ) and Eisenhower (US) attacked German forces in Africa They defeated the Germans at El Alamein, & then crushed Rommel’s Afrika Korps (tanks)
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How did the Allies gain control on both war fronts? • Allied Forces under Montgomery (British) and Eisenhower (US) attacked German forces in Africa • They defeated the Germans at El Alamein, & then crushed Rommel’s AfrikaKorps (tanks) • Hitler began an attack on Stalingrad (Russia) with nightly bombing raids • Despite heavy bombing by German Luftwaffe, the brutal winter saved a devastated Stalingrad • The German army was forced to retreat
How was the war effort supported at home (in the US)? • In the US, factories were converted to wartime production (women filled in for men) • Shortages of consumer goods led to rationing to support the war effort • Some citizens contributed by buying war bonds and stamps to help finance the war • And after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japanese living in the US were relocated to camps
What events led to the surrender of Germany? • The D-Day Invasion (1944) of Normandy cost heavy losses, but liberated France (Germany) • Allies had set up a huge dummy army that appeared ready to attack Calais (seaport) • The Germans later broke through a weak spot in the American defenses at Ardennes • Known as the Battle of the Bulge, the Allies held & the Germans had to retreat to Berlin (where they finally surrendered)
What events finally led to the surrender of Japan and an end to the war? • When Japanese plan to defeat US failed (Leyte Gulf), they used kamikaze pilots on US ships • The US then took the islands of Iwo Jima and Okinawa (350 miles from Japan) • To save countless soldiers lives, the US dropped two atomic bombs on Japan (Hiroshima, Aug. 6th & Nagasaki 3 days later) • Japan asked for an armistice on Aug. 14, 1945 and formally surrendered on Sept. 2, 1945