Human Factors and Safety: Rapporteur and Session Chair Reports

1. Human Factors and Safety:Rapporteur and Session Chair Reports

2. Rapporteur: Anthony Smoker IFATCA Session Chairs: Mark Rodgers FAA Sandy Lozito NASA Nadine Pilon EUROCONTROL J-P Nicolaon EUROCONTROL

3. Human Factors 12 papers submitted • 6 papers presented (+1 student paper) • Session 1 – Current Controller activity • Session 2 – Operation and design of technical systems • 4 USA Papers • 2 European Papers • Average attendance per session = 43

4. Human Factors - Controller Activity • Need to understand the cognitive utility of present day controller tools in the design of electronic replacements • Significance of structure in the operating environment to controller cognitive performance: there are implications for system design • Operating concepts should not be designed without a regard for - spatial temporal and organisational structure • Modelling and measuring, thus predicting, controller performance and workload remains elusive

5. Human Factors – Operation and design of new systems • Mixed-media (i.e. Datalink and voice) yields problems to flight deck - • with safety and efficiency implications • Compound effect of combinations of new technologies - • new technologies introduced simultaneously can alter the control environment: affects upon system stability • Future concepts and definitions remain confused • (e.g. “Free Flight” and “Free Route”) • Promising new Innovative/creative techniques exist to develop & elicit requirements but - • are resource intensivebut may resolve some problems

6. Safety 13 papers submitted • 4 papers presented + 1 student paper • Session 1: Safety culture and causal factors in ATC incidents • Session 2:Safety benefits of Capstone and modelling of situational awareness • 2 European • 1 US • 1 joint US/European • Average attendance per session = 37

7. Safety – Culture & Incidents • Safety and Operational culture: ATSU versus ATSU as well as national differences • JANUS Incident reporting scheme: common methodology across the Atlantic for investigating incidents – where to next? • ATC safety developments have potential for use in other domains – e.g. Flight Deck • Psycho-social state of organisations – some are better adapted to change in ATM? • Safety culture can close the loop of system design

8. Safety: CAPSTONE & Modelling • Diverse methods for safety assessments from field trials through to mathematical models – they are complementary and should be! • Safety benefits in unexpected ways – requisite imagination of pilots and controllers • Modelling of SA in human performance for safety analysis developing – but demand rigour in their development • Ethnographic studies yield unexpected insight into operations

9. Recommendations • Researchers on both sides of the Atlantic are mutually unaware of the the capabilities of their counterparts respective systems – access and dissemination of information is essential • Efficiency to be gained by working together:- to take account of what work has been done elsewhere mechanisms need to be developed to communicate and to work together collaboratively • Safety – only 4 papers out of 13 selected – does the community really appreciate safety? AP15, Uberlingen • Investment required into safety methodologies and metrics to cover the entire lifecycle – progress being made but acceptance of formal methods required • Commonly accepted metrics required for both HF and Safety

10. Concluding thoughts: • Santa Fe recommendations: • have been progressed & some addressed in the papers presented in Budapest • Archival process of the summary and proceedings of ATM R+D seminars