Africa

1. Other parts get ______ inches of rain a year • Can be land of lush, green _______________ • South Africa has __________ soil and _____________ • Located by the Red Sea = modern day _____________ • _______ over many important areas and became an important center of __________ • Traded with Egypt, Arabia, __________, India and the _________ Empire at Aksum’s key sea port called _____________. • First ____________ appeared in Great _______Valley • Nomadic lifestyle until they learned to _______________ animals • Lived in ________ • Religion included ___________ – a religion where people believe that __________ are present in animals, __________, and other natural forces. Africa Geographic Contrasts Early African People Kingdom of Aksum • ___________ largest continent in the world. • Some parts have constant __________ • Can be land of _______ dust or desert • Example: ___________ Desert in North Africa

2. Traditionally monotheistic • God called ___________ and their king __________ was a direct descendent of him. • Offered sacrifices- animals • King Ezana __________ to Christianity • In 451 A.D., Ethiopia and Egypt with become _____________ and split from Roman Catholic • Developed unique architecture using ________ instead of _____ bricks to build palaces and buildings • Used NO ____________ • Instead they _________ stones to fit together _________ • Built huge stone __________ called __________ to celebrate king’s conquests • Aksum lasted for ________ years • Fell to invaders who practiced _________! Trade in Aksum Aksumite Architecture Fall of Aksum Aksum Religion • Items traded: salt, ______________ horns, tortoise shells, ivory, _____________, and gold • Imported cloth, glass,________ _____, ________, brass, iron and copper

3. Africa or Lasted for 800 years untilthe Muslims took over. Aksum Axum This area is known as the Ethiopian Highlands Zimbabwe • This is a STELE that is a stone pillar that was built to celebrate Aksum’s achievements. • It is still standing today • The kingdom of Aksum surrounds modern day Ethiopia • Aksum became strong because of a strong ruler named Enzana • He conquered many lands and expanded his empire. • People who live in Aksum are called Aksumites. • King Enzana is important because he converted to Christianity * Capital = Aksum is a Christian kingdom

4. West African Kingdoms Ghana Songhai Mali • After Mali declined, people broke away and formed a new civilization near the _______________ river. • Two great rulers named: • 1. _____________________ • 2. _____________________ • __________________ captured the city of _______________________. • ____________________ was an excellent administrator. He set up an efficient _______ _______________ and chose __________ officials. • Later they were taken over by the ___________________ who were fighting with guns. • Like ___________, Mali became wealthy because of ___________. • A man named ____________ __________ became the leader of Mali. He was a devout ______________. • Because of Mansa Musa, Mali grew to become _____________ the size of _______________. • The city of ________________ became a center of trade and learning because Mansa Musa ordered _________________ and ________________ to be built. • Timbuktu is the location of the _________ of __________. • Ghana is the land of ____________. • Two most important trading goods: 1. _____________ 2. _____________ • Gold came from the _____________ • Salt deposits were found in the ________________ desert. • This important trade of gold and salt took place on the ________-____________ trade. • The king was the only one allowed to keep gold ____________. This way the king could keep the price of gold high.