Unit 2: Skeletal System Lab 1: The Skull

1. Unit 2: Skeletal SystemLab 1: The Skull Jessica Radke-Snead, RD, MS Bio 241 Anatomy & Physiology

2. Reminders • Unit 1 Lecture and Lab Exam keys are posted • Review your exams, ask questions • Please see me if you need assistance with course material! • eTutoring • Peer Tutoring • Other • Next exam: February 6th…what’s your strategy?

3. Classification of Bones by Shape • Flat bones: scapula, sternum • Irregular bones: sphenoid bone, vertebra • Short bones: capitate/carpal bone, talus • Long bones: Ulna, radius, femur

4. Bones of the Adult Skeletal System • Axial skeleton (80) • Skull (22) • Auditory ossicles (6) • Hyoid bone (1) • Vertebral column (26) • Thoracic cage (25) • Appendicular skeleton (126) • Pectoral girdle (4) • Upper limb (60) • Pelvic girdle (2) • Lower limb (60)

5. Axial Skeleton (80) • Skull (22) • Cranial bones (8) • Facial bones (14) • Vertebral column (26) • Cervical (7) • Thoracic (12) • Lumbar (5) • Sacrum (1) • Coccyx (1) • Auditory (6) • Malleus (2) • Incus (2) • Stapes (2) • Hyoid bone (1) • Thoracic cage (25) • Ribs (24) • Sternum (1)

6. Appendicular Skeleton (126) • Pelvic girdle (2) • Oscoxae (2) • Lower limb (60) • Femur (2) • Patella (2) • Tibia (2) • Fibula (2) • Tarsals (14) • Metatarsals (10) • Phalanges (28) • Pectoral girdle (4) • Scapula (2) • Clavicle (2) • Upper limb (60) • Humerus (2) • Radius (2) • Ulna (2) • Carpals (16) • Metacarpals (10) • Phalanges (28)

7. Surface Features of Bones • Extensions/Projections • Crest • Epicondyle • Line • Process • Protuberance • Spine • Trochanter • Tubercle • Tuberosity • Articulations • Condyle • Facet • Head • Depressions • Alveolus • Fossa • Fovea • Sulcus • Passages • Canal • Fissure • Foramen • Meatus

8. Major Cavities of the Skull • Cranial cavity • Orbit (eye sockets) • Nasal cavity (nose) • Buccalcavity (mouth) • Middle- and inner-ear cavities • Paranasal sinuses • Frontal • Sphenoid • Ethmoid • Maxillary

9. Foramina of the Skull • Zygomatic bone • Zygomaticofacial foramen • Zygomaticotemporal foramen • Frontal bone • Supraorbital foramen or notch • Parietal bone • Parietal foramen • Temporal bone • Carotid canal • External acoustic meatus • Internal acoustic meatus • Stylomastoid foramen • Mastoid foramen

10. Foramina of the Skull • Ethmoid bone • Cribriform foramina • Mandible • Mental foramen • Mandibular foramen • Temporal-Occipital Region • Jugular foramen • Temporal-Occipital-Sphenoid Region • Foramen lacerum • Occipital bone • Foramen magnum • Hypoglossal canal • Condylar canal

11. Foramina of the Skull • Maxilla-Sphenoid Region • Inferior orbital fissure • Lacrimal bone • Lacrimal foramen • Palatine bone • Greater palatine foramen • Sphenoid bone • Foramen ovale • Foramen rotundum • Foramen spinosum • Optic foramen • Superior orbital fissue • Maxilla • Infraorbital foramen • Incisive foramen

12. List all bones that articulate with the temporal bone • Lateral Surface • Squamous suture • Squamous part • Zygomatic process • Tympanic part • Styloid process • Mastoid process • Mastoid part • External acoustic meatus • Medial Surface • Squamous suture • Squamous part • Petrous part • Internal acoustic meatus • Mastoid process • Styloid process • Zygomatic process

13. List all bones that articulate with the Sphenoid bone • Superior view • Hypophyseal fossa • Foramen rotundum • Anterior clinoid process • Foramen ovale • Foramen spinosum • Dorsum sellae • Sellaturcica • Greater wing • Lesser wing • Optic foramen • Posterior view • Dorsum sellae • Superior orbital fissure • Foramen rotundum • Pterygoid processes • Medial pterygoid plate • Lateral pterygoid plate • Foramen ovale • Body • Greater wing • Lesser wing

14. List all bones that articulate with the Ethmoid bone • Anterior view • Cribiform plate • Cribiform foramina • Crista galli • Superior nasal concha • Middle nasal concha • Perpendicular plate • Ethmoid air cells • Orbital plate

15. List all bones articulating in this view:Right nasal cavitySagittal Section • Crista galli • Cribriform plate • Cribriform foramina • Sellaturcica • Sphenoid sinus • Sphenoid bone • Palatine bone • Incisive foramen • Maxilla • Anterior nasal spine • Inferior nasal concha • Lacrimal bone • Middle nasal concha • Superior nasal concha • Nasal bone • Frontal sinus

16. List all bones articulating in this view:Left orbitAnterior view • Lateral wall of orbit • Zygomatic process of frontal bone • Greater wing of sphenoid bone • Orbital surface of zygomatic bone • Superior orbital fissure • Inferior orbital fissure • Roof of orbit • Orbital plate of frontal bone • Lesser wing of sphenoid bone • Medial wall • Orbital plate of ethmoid bone • Lacrimal bone • Frontal process of maxilla

17. List all bones articulating in this view:Left orbitAnterior view • Floor of orbit • Orbital process of palatine bone • Orbital surface of maxilla • Supraorbital foramen • Optic foramen • Infraorbital foramen

18. List bones articulating on theFetal skull • Lateral view • Parietal bone • Lambdoid suture • Squamous suture • Occipital bone • Mastoid fontanel • Temporal bone • Sphenoid bone • Coronal suture • Fontal bone • Sphenoid fontanel • Sphenoid bone • Nasal bone • Maxilla • Zygomatic bone • Mandible • Superior view • Frontal bone • Anterior fontanel • Sagittal suture • Parietal bone • Posterior fontanel

19. Lab Objectives • Identify and describe the location of the components of the axial skeleton listed in your lab • Suggestion • Choose a view point (Anterior/Posterior, Superior/Inferior, etc) • Identify what it is that you are looking for • Bone, suture, sinus, sulci, etc • Describe what the structure looks like (anatomical terms) • Describe where the structure is located on the skull (anatomical words) • Change your viewpoint and try it again Ask for assistance if needed—Enjoy!