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United States Sectionalism: Dividing a Nation

Explore the deep-rooted sectionalism of America, where primary loyalty lies with states, not the nation. Discover the distinctive regions of North, South, and West, each with unique characteristics and societal structures. Delve into the agrarian South, the industrial North, and the democratic West, and learn about key figures like John C. Calhoun, Daniel Webster, Henry Clay, and Andrew Jackson who shaped these regions. Uncover how factors like slavery, economic differences, and political ideologies contributed to the division of the nation before the Civil War.

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United States Sectionalism: Dividing a Nation

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  1. Sectionalism Dividing America

  2. Sectionalism • Primary loyalty to a state instead on the nation • Three Distinct Regions • North (Massachusetts, New York) • South (Virginia, South Carolina) • West (Tennessee, Kentucky)

  3. The South • Rural • Largest city was New Orleans • Agrarian • cotton • tobacco • sugar • corn • Least educated region • Least industry

  4. Southern Society Antebellum Southern Society- rigid class structure • Planters • Most wealth and power • 5% of population • Owned 90% of slaves • Small White farmers • 80% owned no slaves • Landless whites • Couldn’t afford slaves • Free African Americans • ½ million in 1860 • Slaves • Six million in 1860

  5. The South • Increasingly dominated by cotton • Due to the invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney • Most cotton grown in the lower south • Leader of the South was John C. Calhoun • From South Carolina • Leading spokesman for slavery & states rights

  6. The North • Most populous • Most industrial • Richest region • factories • banks • merchants • Most education • most colleges • states required public education • Largest cities • New York City • Philadelphia • Boston

  7. Northern Class Structure • Northern Class Structure • Factory Owners/Bankers/Merchants • Workers/small farmers • Unemployed • Leader of the North was Sen. Daniel Webster • From Massachusetts • Champion of Nationalism

  8. The West • Most democratic region • No property requirement to vote • Jacksonian Democracy • Most egalitarian region • everyone is equal • No class system • Small scale slavery • Owner usually worked with their slaves

  9. The West • Two leaders • Henry Clay of Kentucky • Andrew Jackson of Tennessee • both nationalists • Despised each other

  10. The West • West was seen as the land of opportunity for the “Common Man” • Agrarian but industry in western cities • Few plantations • Yeoman farmers • Move further west to start over if you fail

  11. Sectionalism Mini-Project

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