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1960-1975. The Widening Struggle: An Era of Change. Feminism. 1963 – Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique influenced the women’s movement. The National Organization for Women (NOW) advocated women’s issues. The Supreme Court legalized abortion with Roe v. Wade (1973).
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1960-1975 The Widening Struggle:An Era of Change
Feminism • 1963 – Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique influenced the women’s movement. • The National Organization for Women (NOW) advocated women’s issues. • The Supreme Court legalized abortion with Roe v. Wade (1973). • 1972 – Congress passed the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), but it wasn’t ratified.
Latinos Fight for Change • In the 1960s, activists Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta organized Mexican field hands into the United Farm Workers (UFW). • Chicanos sought change by running for political office & forming political groups like La Raza Unida.
Addressing Native American Problems • The American Indian Movement (AIM) was formed in 1968. Its goals included: • enforcement of treaties • better living conditions • greater autonomy, or self-government • 1973 – AIM took over Wounded Knee for 71 days, holding off U.S. marshals. • Several laws passed in the 1970s favored Native American rights.
Counterculture youth • Many young people (called hippies) adopted counterculture values. • The emergence of new views on sexual conduct was labeled “the sexual revolution.” • The use of illegal drugs became widespread during the 1960s.
Music as Protest • Music both reflected & contributed to the cultural changes of the 1960s. • Folk music & protest songs became popular. • August 1969 – Woodstock Music and Art Fair
Protecting the Environment • Rachel Carson’s book Silent Spring about DDT and other chemicals led to tighter government controls on pesticides. • The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) aimed to ensure that nuclear power plants operated safely. • In 1970, President Nixon established the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). • The issue became balancing economic development with environmental protection.
The Consumer Movement • The consumer movement gained strength & popularity – largely due to the actions of attorney Ralph Nader. • Nader brought attention to safety issues with: • automobiles • baby food • insecticides