The Era of Social Change

1. The Era of Social Change Chapter 23 Pages 766-789 Objective: To understand the sweeping social protest movements of the 1960s and the quest for radical change initiated by Latinos, Native Americans, women, and young people.

2. Feminism in the 1970s • Movement showed vitality • Title IX to the Education Amendments • ERA • Court cases: Reed v. Reed and Frontiero v. Richardson • 1973 – Roe v. Wade

3. First Women’s March for Equality - 1970

5. Anti-Feminism • Nixon vetoed nationwide public day-care • Phyllis Schlafly –STOP ERA – blamed for rising divorce rate

6. Civil Rights…. • Courts: Milliken v. Bradley – 1974 • Desegregation could not require across district bussing • Reinforced “White Flight” • Pitted poor whites and blacks against each other

7. Bakke v. Board of Regents • 1978 – Allan Bakke denied admission to U. of Cal. – Davis Medical School • Sued – said his scores were better than the minorities who were accepted • Supreme Court – preference for admission can not be given to any group • Racial factors may be used in overall admissions process • Bakke admitted – “reverse discrimination”

8. Native Americans • Asserted status as separate semi-sovereign peoples • Seized Alcatraz 1972 – Wounded Knee 1972 • United States v. Wheeler – 1978 • Indian tribes possessed a “unique and limited” sovereignty • Subject to the will of Congress – not the states

9. Native Americans • Asserted status as separate semi-sovereign peoples • Seized Alcatraz 1972 – Wounded Knee 1972 • United States v. Wheeler – 1978 • Indian tribes possessed a “unique and limited” sovereignty • Subject to the will of Congress – not the states

10. Alcatraz

12. A Nation Divided-A Generation in Conflict • Why was Vietnam a working class war? • What were the roots of opposition to the war? • What was the anti- war movement? • Why was their growing division in the US over the war?

13. Roots of Opposition-”The Times They are A-Changing” • College students became more involved in social protest • The New Left demanded sweeping changes in American society • Students for A Democratic Society (SDS) charged that large Corporations and large government institutions had taken over the US (They wanted democracy and individual freedom) Anti-WAR • In 1964 The Free Speech Movement grew out of a dispute between administrators and students at Univ. of CA at Berkeley

16. From Campus to Mass Mobilization • Professors and students used teach-ins to protest the war (Sit-In for the campus) • In April 1965, SDS organized a march on Washington of 20,000, then 30,000 • By 1969 SDS had chapters on 400 campuses • In spring of 1967 nearly 500,000 gathered in NYC’s Central Park “Hell no we won’t go!” “Burn Cards not People!” • In October 1967 100,000 anti-war protestors marched from the Lincoln Memorial to the Pentagon (1,500 injured, 700 arrested)

21. War Divides the Nation • Hawks v Doves • In December 1967, 70% of Americans felt that the protests were “acts of disloyalty” • Backlash to the Protestors organized • “America Love it or Leave It!” • “Support our men in Vietnam!” • “College professors, students…don’t love our country.” • LBJ was determined with slow escalation • Sec. of Defense McNamara resigned in the end of 1967

22. Songs of Protest and Support • CCR- Fortunate Son • Country Joe's Anti Vietnam War Song Woodstock • Bob Dylan –The Times they are a Changing • Eve of Destruction • The Ballet of the Green Berets

23. The Counterculture of the 1960’s • Counterculture was a movement made up of mostly white, middle-class college young people who were disillusioned with the war and injustices of society • They turned their backs on traditional American and founded a society based on peace and love • Hippies • 25%-30% of college Age students

24. Materialism, technology, and war were hollow • Harvard psychologist & philosopher Dr. Timothy Leary • formed the "League of Spiritual Discovery," an LSD advocacy group • Many left home, work, and school to create an ideal community of peace love and harmony

26. Hippie Culture • The Age of Aquarius • Rock ’n’ Roll Music • Sexual Revolution (Free Love) • Marijuana and LSD (Illegal Drugs) • Eastern Religions (Zen Buddhism) • Ragged Jeans, Tie-dye shirts, military garments, love beads and muslin shirts • Long hair and beards • Many joined communes • Haight-Asbury District of SF

32. Art of the 1960’s • Pop-Art by Andy Warhol

33. Music of the 1960’s • The music was a form of protest that grew out of African-American rhythm and blues of the 1950’s (Folk and Rock) • The Beatles, The Doors, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Jefferson Airplane, the Grateful Dead, the Who, Bob Dylan, Joan Baez and the Rolling Stones • In 1969 the appex of the counterculture was the music festival Woodstock • The 1970 Concert at Altamont Speedway was a disaster and ended the era of peace and love