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An Era of Social Change

An Era of Social Change. The Latino Struggle for Equality. Dramatic population increase 3mil-9mil during the 1960s Diverse group: Chicanos, braceros, Puerto Ricans, Cubans, Colombians… Discrimination Segregation and poverty: barrios. The Farm Worker Movement.

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An Era of Social Change

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  1. An Era of Social Change

  2. The Latino Struggle for Equality • Dramatic population increase 3mil-9mil during the 1960s • Diverse group: Chicanos, braceros, Puerto Ricans, Cubans, Colombians… • Discrimination • Segregation and poverty: barrios

  3. The Farm Worker Movement • 1962 Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta established the National Farm Workers Association which eventually became UFWOC or the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee • Used nonviolence techniques such as boycotts, strikes, and fasting • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e7GCCBIgFaQ

  4. Advancements in Latino Rights • 1940s-1950s: LULAC (League of United Latin American Citizens) won court cases against segregation • 1968: Congress enacts the Bilingual Education Act which provided funds for schools to develop bilingual and cultural heritage programs for non-English speaking students • 1968: the Brown Berets organize walkouts in E. LA schools to protest inequities in education • 1970: La Raza Unida, a group established by Jose Angel Gutierrez, helped get Latino candidates elected in 5 states and numerous state and local elections

  5. Native American Struggle for Equality • Diverse: 558 officially recognized distinct tribal groups (including AK and HI) • Historical mistreatment: broken treaties, displacement, genocide, cultural destruction, forced assimilation, boarding schools… • 1924: Native Americans officially considered citizens and given the right to vote • Tribal Sovereignty • Demographics: poorest group of Americans, highest unemployment rates, disproportionately high rates of infant mortality and health problems such as obesity, substance abuse, and mental disorders.

  6. Native American Protest • 1968: American Indian Movement (AIM)was founded and took a militant approach to achieving rights. They wanted to earn back land, burial grounds, fishing, and timber treaty rights revoked by the US government. • 1968-1971 Alcatraz Island Occupation • 1972 Trail of Broken Treaties march to Washington D.C. Protesters took over a building, destroyed records, and caused $2 million in property damage in their attempt to get the US government to restore 110 million acres of land to Native Americans and to eliminate the BIA. • 1973Wounded Knee Occupation: 200 Lakota seized the town of Wounded Knee, took hostages, and engaged in a shootout with the FBI.

  7. Native American Victories • Wounded Knee led to a reexamination of treaty rights • 1972: Congress passed the Indian Education Act • 1975: Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act • 1970s-80s: regained some lost land • 1983: Supreme Court upheld Ojibwe spearfishing rights in WI (called the Voight Decision)

  8. The Women’s Movement • Women get the right to vote in 1920 with the ratification of the 19th Amendment • However, women still could not enjoy the same freedoms as men. Their “place was in the home” • Public vs. Domestic spheres • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ScLNAVwmjgQ

  9. Women and men should be equal before the law. • Women and men should be valued equally by society. • Changes in the law and in society need to be made to ensure a better life for women. • Violence and repression against women worldwide needs to end.

  10. “Feminism is the radical concept that women are people”- Cheris Kramarae and Paula Treichler • True or False? • Feminists hate men • Feminists are all Pro-choice • Feminists are bra-burners • Feminists don’t respect stay-at-home mothers FALSE! These are all stereotypes.

  11. Second Wave Feminism1960s-1980s • The Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan • NOW: National Organization for Women founded in 1966 • Protests • Gloria Steinem • -1971 founded National Women’s Political Caucus • -1972 founded Ms. magazine

  12. Legal and Social Gains Reproductive freedom: -Availability of birth control -Roe v. Wade 1973 -Maternity leave Equal Opportunities: -Employment -Education -Athletics Equal Rights Amendment (ERA): -First introduced in 1923 -Purpose was to guarantee that both men and women would enjoy the same rights and protections under the law -Congress passed in 1972 -Only 35 of 38 states ratified -Wasn’t enough and the ERA failed

  13. Working Women Today

  14. Women in Politics 111th Congress -17 female Senators (including Hillary Clinton) -74 female Representatives in the House -Women’s representation in Congress now equals a record breaking 17%. -Overall, women make up just 25% of the elected officials in this country

  15. Quick Quiz (3pts) • Name one nonviolence technique Cesar Chavez utilized to fight for equal rights for workers and Latinos. • Name one right American Indians hoped to achieve through their activism and protests. • Name one inequality that women still face presently in 2009.

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