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The Stuart Monarchs 1603 - 1714

The Stuart Monarchs 1603 - 1714. The Puritan Age. Restoration. 1649. 1702. 1685. 1603. 1660. 1625. Oliver Cromwell. 1689. James I of England and VI of Scotland. when Elizabeth I died he succeeded to the throne of England He believed in the Divine Right of Kings.

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The Stuart Monarchs 1603 - 1714

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  1. The Stuart Monarchs 1603 - 1714 The Puritan Age Restoration 1649 1702 1685 1603 1660 1625 Oliver Cromwell 1689

  2. James I of England and VI of Scotland • when Elizabeth I died he succeeded to the throne of England • He believed in the Divine Right of Kings

  3. Contemporary Description of James • 'He was of middle stature, More corpulent through his clothes than in his body, yet fat enough………His eyes large, ever rolling after any stranger came in his presence, insomuch, as many for shame have left the room………….: His beard very thin: his tongue too large for his mouth, and made him drink very uncomely, as if eating his drink, which came out of the cup of each side of his mouth. …he never washed his hands, only rubbed his finger ends slightly with the wet end of a napkin. His legs very weak, having had (as was thought) some foul play in his youth, or rather before he was born, that he was not able to stand at seven years of age, this weakness made him ever leaning on other men's shoulders,…………

  4. He ruled without the help of Parliament • He supported the Anglican Church • He persecuted both the Catholics and the Puritans • Mayflower 1620 • The Pilgrim Fathers

  5. Charles I (1625 - 1649) • He was a sick baby, who was baptized quickly, underlining the fact that he was not expected to survive. • He grew to be a delicate child, who experienced difficulty in walking and talking. • Charles eventually conquered most of his problems with speech but retained a stammer for the rest of his life.

  6. Like his father he believed in the • Divine Right of the king • He dismissed Parliament and decided to rule alone • He embarked on war with Spain and then with France • He persecuted the Puritans • a Civil war broke out between the supporters of the king (the Royalists) and the supporters of Parliament (The Roundheads)supporters of Parliament, • Charles I was accused of treason and after a formal trial for crimes against his people he was executed in 1649

  7. Oliver Cromwell 1649 - 1658 • He took the title of Lord Protector of the newly formed Republic in England, known as the Commonwealth • he faced the opposition from those who supported Charles I's son, Charles II, as the rightful King

  8. England was declared a Republic, ruled by what was known as the Rump Parliament ( only the House of Commons). • Cromwell dissolved the Rump Parliament • He supported the Puritan beliefs • A violent storm raged on the night of his death, which was said by his enemies to be the devil bearing away his soul. He was buried in Westminster Abbey .

  9. Whowere the Puritans? The Puritans were extreme Protestants within the Church of England; thought the English Reformation had not done enough to reform the doctrines and structure of the Church; wanted to purify their national Church by eliminating every trace of Catholic influence; wanted a true balance of power between the king and the Parliament.

  10. The Puritans • The Puritans believed that discipline was a vital part of human life and that frivolity was a sign of giving in to temptation • They lived following Strict moral rule • Any form of entertainment was abolished, seen as immoral. • They were anti-Catholic and believed that churches should be plain and free from all kinds of ornament • Direct personal religious experience • ( Individualism : it was up to everyone to find his/her own way to salvation)

  11. The Puritans: supported the Parliamentarian party; believed that personal salvation depended on God; regarded theBibleas a guideto life Individual understanding God’s will reading the Bible encouraged personal acts of mercy.

  12. The Puritans worn simple and plain clothes.  • Their clothing was usually black, white or grey and they lived a simple and religious life • The woman in the picture is carrying a Bible which shows the importance of religion to the Puritans • By the time of Charles I‘ s reign they had gained enough support in Parliament to pass laws imposing their views about living on all English people.

  13. PuritanIdeology Father head of the family, guide for spiritual welfare Sunday devoted to God No beauty in the Church Priest free in their dresses, distinguished by the behaviour not by special clothes Predestination( Calvinists) men born sinners, only GRACE could save man Through a holy life of hard work Poverty regarded as SIN because the improvement of social status was considered a sign of God’s salvation

  14. Activities Banned by the Puritans : • Horse Racing • Cock-fighting • Bear baiting   • Any gathering of people without permission • Drunkenness and swearing • Theatre-going, dancing and singing  • Games and sports on Sundays (including going for a walk) • Gambling • Visiting brothels • Many public houses were closed down

  15. The Restoration • Oliver Cromwell was succeeded by his son Richard, who had no wish to rule • Cromwell's opponents were easily able to overthrow him and after a period of anarchy the monarchy was restored with the accession of Charles II.

  16. Charles II (1660 - 1685) • In 1651 he led an invasion into England from Scotland to defeat Cromwell and restore the monarchy. He was defeated and fled to France where he spent the next eight years.  • In 1660 he was invited, by Parliament, to return to England as King Charles II. • This event is known as the Restoration • He is known as the 'Merry Monarch' because of his love of parties, music and the theatre and his abolishment of the laws passed by Cromwell that forbade music and dancing.

  17. The Plague 1665 70,000 dying only in London

  18. The Great Fire of London began before dawn on Sunday, 2nd September, 1666 and raged for four days, in the course of which the historic Medieval city known to Chaucer and Shakespeare vanished.

  19. James II1685-1688 • succeeded his brother Charles • he announced his conversion to Roman Catholicism and was forced to resign.  • William of Orange and Mary were invited to take the English throne

  20. William III and Mary II (1688 - 1702) • The Glorious Revolution • James fled to France • They were accepted by Scotland the following year, but Ireland, which was mainly Catholic, remained loyal to James II. William led an army into Ireland and James was defeated

  21. Important political changes without any bloodshed • The Bill of Rights: no more rule without Parliament ( the starting of the Constitutional Monarchy) • The Toleration Act • The Act of Settlement : all the future monarchs must be members of the Church of England

  22. The rise of the two great political parties: • The Tories : old aristocracy and the Church • The Whigs : the middle-classes

  23. Queen Anne (1702 - 1714) • She was Protestant • In 1707 the Act of Union formally united the Kingdoms of England and Scotland. • She was the last Stuart monarch • When Britain's last Stuart monarch, Queen Anne died in 1714, the crown of England passed to the Stuart dynasty's German Protestant cousins, the House of Hanover • King George I

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