1 / 15

What does Subsistence Mean?

What does Subsistence Mean?. Lesson 5: Patterns of Subsistence. Ecology. A way of studying the relationship between an organism and the elements in an environment Darwinian natural selection Adaption Biological or Cultural

bruis
Download Presentation

What does Subsistence Mean?

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. What does Subsistence Mean? Lesson 5: Patterns of Subsistence

  2. Ecology • A way of studying the relationship between an organism and the elements in an environment • Darwinian natural selection • Adaption • Biological or Cultural • Humans cannot be studying ecologically like all other biological organisms

  3. Patterns of Subsistence • Subsistence • A fancy way of saying how people get their food. • For most of human existence, we got our food using one method, and one method only. • Hunting and Gathering

  4. What’s in a Name? • Aside from hunting and gathering, what other methods did these people use to acquire food? • What types of food did they eat? • NOT just nuts and berries • How much of each (percentage) did they eat? • Why “hunter gatherer”?

  5. Food Foraging • Less problematic way of labeling these groups • Not one uniform group, instead many different types of food foragers • Very small groups – 30 – 100 people • Linked by kinship and marriage • Nomadic • Must live near food • Move when food is depleted

  6. Personal Property • No notion of personal property among food foragers • Food shared amongst the group • Moving constantly • As a result, there is no such thing a poverty among the food foragers • The “original affluent society”

  7. A Food Forager’s Job • The food forager’s jobs is to procure food • Division of labor • A specialization of jobs • The more complex the group, the greater the specialization • How often must food foragers work per day in order to acquire enough food? • Do they have time for leisure?

  8. The Rise of Domestication • Roughly 15,000 years ago a major climatic change took place as a global warming occurred • This freed up new land, and lead to domestication • When you take a plant or animal and select specific traits to breed • Leads to an organism dependent on humans to reproduce

  9. Teosinte and Corn

  10. Food Production The Agricultural Revolution takes hold at roughly 10,000 years ago in multiple places throughout the world. Sheep, goats, wheat and barley in the Old World Maize, cassava, and potatoes in the New World Not all humans abandoned food foraging Those that did settled in permanent villages More food = more organisms Changing ideas about personal property

  11. The Birth of Civilization With food production comes civilization and an economy A Food

  12. Horticulture and Agriculture Horticulture Hand tools Gardens Many different crops Agriculture Large Tools Farms One or two main crops

  13. Slash and Burn Horticulture • Also known as “swidden” • Practiced in places where the soil is not naturally fertile

  14. Pastoralism • Herders turn what we can’t eat (grass) into what we can – animals, dairy, blood • Use domesticated animals • Move hundreds of miles per year • Herders are not stuck in the stone ages • Some will use GPS to track the herd • Others, like the Laplanders will use snowmobiles

  15. Exam Review Questions • What does the discipline of ecology study? • What term did we use to refer to “a beneficial adjustment”? • What is different about ecological studies of humans? • What does patterns of subsistence mean? • What is the difference between food foraging and food producing? • Can you define horticulture? Pastoralism? Agriculture? • What is swidden? • When did some human populations begin to switch to agriculture? • What is Jared Diamond’s main argument in “Adaptive Failure: Easter’s End”?

More Related