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Matter

Learn about pure substances and mixtures, the difference between elements and compounds, distinguishing between substances and mixtures, and the classification of mixtures as heterogeneous and homogeneous. Discover the methods used to separate mixtures, including filtration and distillation.

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Matter

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  1. Matter

  2. What is matter? • PURE SUBSTANCES or MIXTURES • Pure substances • ALWAYS HOMOGENEOUS • What is the difference between an element and a compound? • Element = cannot be broken down any more • Compound = composed of 2 or more elements • Compounds can ALWAYS be broken down into simpler substances, elements cannot

  3. How are compounds broken down? • Cannot be broken down physically • We can’t throw table salt (NaCl)at the wall and break it down into its individual components • Must be done chemically • Produce matter with a different composition than the original matter

  4. Distinguishing Between a Substance and a Mixture? • Easy Rule of Thumb • If the composition of a material is fixed (meaning it cannot change) • Substance • If the composition of a material may vary (meaning it can change) • Mixture

  5. Examples • Milk • Mixture (low-fat, skim, whole, 2% etc.) • Diamond • Substance (carbon doesn’t change) • Gasoline • Mixture (premium, regular, and unleaded) • Stainless Steel • Mixture (carbon and iron together) • Silver • Substance (an element, doesn’t change)

  6. Mixtures • What is a mixture? • A physical blend of two or more components • Can be classified in TWO different ways • Heterogeneous mixtures • Homogeneous mixtures

  7. Heterogeneous Mixture • What is a heterogeneous mixture? • Composition is not uniform throughout the mixture • Examples • Chicken noodle soup • Trail mix • Chocolate chip cookies • Types of heterogeneous mixtures • Colloids • Particles are very, very small • Suspensions • Particles are big; visible to us; don’t settle back down

  8. Homogeneous Mixture • What is a homogeneous mixture? • The composition is uniform throughout • Examples • Creamy peanut butter • Air • Koolaid • Types of homogenous mixtures • Solutions • Just another name for homogenous mixture

  9. Mixtures in General • What is a phase? • Any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties • Homogeneous mixtures • Have only 1 phase all the time • Heterogeneous mixtures • Consists of 2 or more phases • What is a coarse mixture? • Mixture where you can see all the particles clearly • There is no blending of the ingredients like in a suspension • Examples • Fruit salad

  10. How Do We Separate Mixtures? • Two ways of separating mixtures • Filtration • Separating a solid from a liquid • Straining spaghetti • Distillation • Separating small particles from a mixture • Boil the mixture and collect the gas • Making Distilled water

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