Aim: What are graphs? Do Now: Answer the following questions in your notebook.

1. Aim: What are graphs? • Do Now: Answer the following questions in your notebook. • Why is it important for scientists to organize their data? • List as many ways as you can that scientists organize information visually.

2. I. Definitions: A graph is a way in which to visually show information. Graphs allow for easy comparison of multiple variables. Graphs are constructed from data table. A data table must include headings, units, and data.

3. II. Types of Graphs • Line graph • Bar graph • Circle graph **We will only be making line graphs**

4. III. Graph Parts • Line graphs have two axis. • The horizontal axis is the X axis it usually is where the independent variable is graphed • The vertical axis is the Y axis it usually is where the dependent variable is graphed • EVERY graph needs a title.

5. III. Graph Parts continued: • The Independent Variable: is the variable that can be controlled by the experimenter (x-axis). • It usually includes: • time (dates, minutes, hours), • depth (feet, meters), • temperature (Celsius).

6. III. Graph Parts continued: • The Dependent Variable: is the variable that is directly affected by the independent variable (y-axis). • It is the result of what happens because of the independent variable. • Example: • How many inches something grew, • Number of oxygen bubbles produced, • How fast something happened

7. IV. Graphing Relationships Indirect / Inverse Direct Cyclic Direct relationship-as x gets bigger, y gets bigger. For example, the relation ship between age and size (until maturity) is a direct relationship. Indirect / Inverse-as x gets bigger, y gets smaller. For example, the relationship between time spent at the mall and the amount of money in your pocket is an inverse relationship. Cyclic- a repeating pattern.

8. Indirect / Inverse Direct Cyclic

9. Most relationships in Earth Science are cyclic. • the repeating high and low tides • temperatures go from cold to warm each day • temperatures go from cold to warm each year • the phases of the moon When done, obtain a Scaling a Graph I worksheet from the back top bin.

10. Scaling Overview AIM: How do you scale a graph?

11. When you graph, make sure you: • Have a proper title that describes the graph • Plan out your scaled axis before actually writing them • Label the x-axis and y-axis appropriately

12. One box along the x- axis is equal in length to one box along the y-axis.

13. The two axes can be scaled differently. Days

14. Rate of Change • The rate of change measures the amount of change taking place in a given amount of time. • This equation is found on page 1 of the Earth Science Reference Tables: • Rate of Change = Change in Field Value Change in Time

15. Field value = what was being measured • Change in time = the amount of time it took for the change to occur Rate of Change = Change in Field Value Change in Time

16. Example Problem • Example: The temperature in a greenhouse is 10 degrees C at 12:00 a.m. At 3:00 a.m., the temperature is 5 degrees C. • At what rate did the temperature change? • There is a 5 degree C change in 3hrs. (5 degrees C / 3 hrs) Rate of change = 1.7 degrees C/hr.

17. Do now: - Take out your scaling a graph I and II. - I will be coming around to check scaling a graph II. - From your Scaling a graph I worksheet, find the rate of temperature change from January to July Rate of Change = Change in Field Value Change in Time

18. Rate of Change = Change in Field Value Change in Time

19. From your Scaling a graph II worksheet, find the rate of temperature change from July to December. Rate of Change = Change in Field Value Change in Time