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清洁发展机制进展 Updated CDM Progress

清洁发展机制进展 Updated CDM Progress. 吕学都 Lu Xuedu 中国科学技术部 Ministry of Science and Technology of China February 17-18, 2004 中国 北京 Beijing, China. 内容大纲 Outline. 一、概 念 Concept 二、 CDM 谈判进展 CDM Negotiation Progress 三、 EB 新进展 EB Progress

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清洁发展机制进展 Updated CDM Progress

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  1. 清洁发展机制进展Updated CDM Progress 吕学都 Lu Xuedu 中国科学技术部 Ministry of Science and Technology of China February 17-18, 2004 中国 北京 Beijing, China

  2. 内容大纲 Outline 一、概 念 Concept 二、CDM 谈判进展 CDM Negotiation Progress 三、 EB新进展 EB Progress 四、 世界CDM情况 CDM in the world

  3. 概 念 Concept • 清洁发展机制（CDM）系 京都议定书第12条确立的机制, 核心内涵是：发达国家通过提供资金和技术的方式，与发展中国家合作，在发展中国家实施具有温室气体减排效果的项目，项目所产生的温室气体减排量作为发达国家履行京都议定书所规定的一部分义务。 • CDM is defined by the Article 12 of KP, and its key point is such: a developed country, by providing technologies and financial resources, cooperates with a developing country to implement a project with GHG emission reduction benefits in the developing country, and the GHG emission reductions by the project could be used by the developed country to meet part of its commitment under the KP

  4. 概念 Concept CDM项目分为四大类：Four types of CDM projects 一般CDM项目：涉及能源、N2O、HFC等的项目 General CDM project:Projects related to energy, N2O、and HFC 一般小项目：Small Scale Project 碳汇项目：指造林和再造林 Sink Project: AR 小型碳汇项目 Small Scale AR Project

  5. 概念 Concept 一般小项目：又分为三小项：Small Scale Project • 可再生能源项目：最大装机容量1.5万千瓦 RE: Max. Output up to 15 Mg. W • 提高能效项目：每年最多节能相当于1500万千瓦时 EE: Energy Conservation up to: 15 ggWh. • 其他项目：温室气体直接排放量每年少于1.5万吨 Others: Emission less than 15 Kilo Tones CO2

  6. 概念 Concept • 一般CDM的基本规则已经达成，可以开始实施 Modalities and procedures for general CDM projects are in place, and can be applied • 小项目： 经COP-8批准，已经允许采用简化的模式和程序： Small Scale project: can apply for simplified rules adopted at Cop-8 • 碳汇CDM：2003年12月COP-9上完成 Sink Project: Rules adopted at COP-9 in December 2003 • 小型碳汇CDM：预计2004年12月COP-10上完成 Small Scale Sink Project: Rules may be adopted at COP-10 in 2004

  7. 概念 Concept CDM项目文件应提供的信息：Info in PDD • 项目一般描述 General Description • 项目基准线 Project Baseline • 选择的CDM寿期 Project Crediting Period • 监测方案 Monitoring Plan • 减排量计算 CERs Calculation • 环境影响 Environment Impact Assessment • 公众意见 Public comments • 附件 Annexes

  8. 概念 Concept 主要要求： Main Requirements: • 环境效益：项目必须带来温室气体减排 Project should bring about GHG emission reduction benefits • 项目资金：项目应带来资金投入（额外于ODA） Project should bring financial resources (Additional to ODA) • 技术转让：项目应带来技术转让 Project should lead to technology transfer

  9. CDM 谈判进展 CDM Negotiation Progress 2003年12月在COP-9上完成了碳汇CDM规则谈判 At COP-9 in December 2003, Rules for Sink CDM Project was adopted.

  10. CDM 谈判进展 CDM Negotiation Progress 规则对森林、造林、再造林、非持久性、碳计量期 、小型碳汇项目等做了专门定义。 The Rules set the specific definitions on forest, afforestation, reforestation, non-permanence, carbon crediting period, and small scale A&R CDM project.

  11. CDM 谈判进展 CDM Negotiation Progress • COP-9决定，同意将马拉喀什协定通过后及第一个CDM项目注册前已经实施的项目，如果满足CDM规则的要求，最早可以从2000年1月1日起计算减排量。 COP-9 recognize that those qualified CDM projects starting between the adoption of Marrakech Accord and the registration of the first CDM project, can get CERS from its start.

  12. CDM 谈判进展 CDM Negotiation Progress COP-9还决定，在2004年COP -10上完成小型碳汇CDM规则谈判 COP-9 decides that Rules for small Scale Sink CDM Project shall be adoptedat COP-10 in year 2004.

  13. EB新进展 EB New Progress CDM执行理事会已经批准9个方法学： • AM0001 Incineration of HFC 23 Waste Streams • AM0002 Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions through Landfill Gas Capture and Flaring where the Baseline is established by a Public Concession Contract

  14. EB新进展 EB New Progress CDM执行理事会已经批准9个方法学： • AM0003 Simplified financial analysis for landfill gas capture projects • AM0004 Grid-connected biomass power generation that avoids uncontrolled burning of biomass

  15. EB新进展 EB New Progress 实施CDM项目的技术难点：建立项目基准线。这需要专门的知识，是全球性难题。 The most difficult issue for CDM project implementation is the establishment of project emission baseline, which will require the full understanding on notion and rationale of CDM.

  16. 最新进展 Updated Progress CDM EB第10次会议提供了关于如何表明一个项目不是基准项目、而是CDM项目的方法学指南。 CDM EB provides clarifications on how to demonstrate a project is additional and therefore not the baseline scenario, through the methodology.

  17. EB新进展 EB New Progress CDM执理会给出了如何确定“额外性”的方法指南示例： 1. “问题”流程图，得出基准线应是什么样的项目 A flow-chart or series of questions that lead to a narrowing of potential baseline options 2. 通过定性或定量分析各种潜在选择，得出最可能发生的项目选择－基准线项目 A qualitative or quantitative assessment of different potential options and an indication of why the non-project option is more likely

  18. EB新进展 EB New Progress 3. 定性或定量分析项目所面临的障碍 A qualitative or quantitative assessment of one or more barriers facing the proposed project activity (like small-scale list) 4. 表明在当地该类项目并不常做，政府也无此规章 An indication that the project type is not common practice (e.g., occurs in less than x% of similar cases) in the proposed area of implementation, and not required by a Party’s legislation/regulations.

  19. EB新进展 EB New Progress CDM执理会已经受理19个机构申请作为OE，其中有两个机构来自非附件一国家。15个机构已经获得向执理会提交新方法学的资格。 19 applications have been received to date, 2 of them from applicants in non-Annex I Parties (Republic of Korea and Malaysia); 15 applications can submit new methodologies to EB for approval.

  20. EB新进展 EB New Progress 4个机构已经得到“预许可证”。 EB agreed for CDM-AP to issue Indicative Letter to 4 applicant entities: (1) Japan Quality Assurance Organization, (2) Det Norske Veritas Certication Ltd., (3) TUV Suddeutschland Bau und Betrieb GmbH, and (4) Tohmatsu Evaluation and Certification Organization.

  21. 世界CDM情况 CDM in the world 53个国家已经向 气候公约秘书处报告其实施CDM的批准机关。其中，发展中国家45个，发达国家8个，他们是： Austria, Denmark, European Community, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands and Switzerland

  22. 世界CDM情况 CDM in the world GEF：CDM能力建设 GEF: CDM Capacity building activities UNDP：援助发展中国家提高CDM执行能力 UNDP: CDM Capacity building activities

  23. 世界CDM情况 CDM in the world 世界银行：推出NSS、PCF、BCF、CDCF等 World Bank: NSS, PCF, BCF and CDCF 亚行：援助CDM研究、建立CDM推进机构 ADB: CDM Facility

  24. 世界CDM情况 CDM in the world 意大利：建立CDM基金及托管基金 Italy: CDM Fund and Trust Fund in World Bank 荷兰：建立了“CERUPT”计划，选定了18个项目 The Netherlands: CERUPT program supported 18 projects 德国：德国开发银行（KfW）建立CDM基金； Germany : Kfw sets CDM Fund

  25. 世界CDM情况 CDM in the world 欧盟： 欧盟排放贸易将于2005年与CDM挂钩 EU: Emission Trading Scheme will link CDM in 2005 加拿大：建立了气候变化专门基金 Canada: Climate Change Fund 日本：官民都在调查 Japan: Investigations by official or non-official activities.

  26. 联系信息Contact Information 吕学都 清洁发展机制执行理事会候补委员 中国科学技术部 资源与环境处 北京市复兴路乙15号, 100862 电话： 6851-4054， 传真 :6851-2163 电子邮件：lvxd@mail.most.gov.cn LU Xuedu Alternate Member of CDM Executive Board to Kyoto Protocol Division of Resources and Environment Ministry of Science and Technology of China 15 B Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100862, China TEL:86-10-5888-1436， FAX :86-10-5888-1441 Email: lvxd@mail.most.gov.cn

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