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Imperialism in Africa

Imperialism in Africa. textbook examples. Background Information. Great Britain, France and Germany seized control of regions in a race to secure resources needed for continued industrial growth first to lay claim was one thing - maintaining it through effective occupation was quite another

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Imperialism in Africa

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  1. Imperialism in Africa • textbook examples

  2. Background Information • Great Britain, France and Germany seized control of regions in a race to secure resources needed for continued industrial growth • first to lay claim was one thing - maintaining it through effective occupation was quite another • looked upon older, multinational empires (Spanish, Portuguese, Chinese and Ottoman Turks) as easy prey

  3. Missionary Zeal • transmitting to the conquered the benefits of their civilization and the Christian religion • empire provided the means to impose on the subject peoples a more humane way of life • “white man’s burden” - moral responsibility of the white race to bring advantages of modern European culture to ‘inferior’ societies

  4. Egypt and the Nile • 1805 - Muhammad Ali rose through military ranks, seized power and forced the Ottoman sultan to recognize him as viceroy • supported by both French and English (ruled until 1848) • envisioned a great and powerful Egypt - attack Ottoman Empire to conquer Syria

  5. Suez Canal • Said and French gov’t sign deal to build canal between Mediterranean and Red Sea • Canal was completed in 1869 • Egypt benefited very little - Canal company (French) signed a 99 year lease on shipping tolls • Egyptians had to work or buy shares - Ishmael borrowed money and after American Civil War the cotton industry collapsed

  6. Slave Trade • was the only commerce being conducted in that part of Central Africa (Sudan) • to destroy it meant total economic collapse and chaos within the region • Does this justify the continued domination of people? • Why do certain individuals define humanity for all? (materialism, individualism, reason)

  7. Resistance What do you make of this word resistance? Resistance is required to change the world!! • Colonel Arabi, El-Wahid - demanded the end of foreign domination • British attacked to maintain control of Suez Canal (economics reign supreme) • invasion of Egypt in 1882 would require occupation until 1956

  8. Rise of Mahdi • free Sudan from Egyptian control • attacked Gordon (acting for Egyptians) at Khartoum • British government stalled and eventually the Mahdists defeated Gordon • revealed that Britain was not invulnerable

  9. The Congo • Livingstone - represented as a light-bearer • What about African conceptions of the world as import? • Leopold II of Belgium seized the opportunity to construct a colony of his own • hired Stanley but French were there • French bail because of war in Tunis against Berbers

  10. South Africa • Britain seized control of the Dutch settlements around the Cape of Good Hope during the Napoleonic wars • 1834 - Britain abolishes slavery • Boers (Dutch farmers) trekked north and established Republics of Natal, Orange Free State and Transvaal

  11. Diamonds • 1867 - diamonds are discovered in Transvaal • British miners flooded the territory and demanded British law and order • Carnarvon (dominion of Canada) hoped to repeat his success in Africa • All Red Route (Cape to Cairo) • Boers and African kingdoms were to submit to the master plan

  12. Zululand • British governor of Cape Province wanted a war of expansion • invaded in 1877 • Zulus massacred their invaders and the British conservative gov’t (Disraeli) fell • Liberals (Gladstone) - defend British empire at all costs - crushed the Zulus (13 occupied districts)

  13. Prelude to Boer War • Boers in Transvaal declare independence • richest state in SA (gold - 24mn pounds) • British governors had bought into All Red Railroad • Cecil Rhodes (head of de Beers Mining Corp) called for volunteers to make pioneer trek to conquer Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) • tough slugging which led to unauthorized invasion of Transvaal

  14. Boer War (1899 - 1902) • Chamberlain had the backing of public opinion to force the Boers to submit to British rule • The Boers were ready for a fight • General Kitchener developed heavy handed tactics (concentration camps) - not publicly popular but did put immense pressure on Boers • Union of South Africa in 1910 • 3 million pound payment was made to those that suffered (Again, is this justified/acceptable?)

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