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C. Proteins 1. Structure 2. Functions a. energy storage b. structure

C. Proteins 1. Structure 2. Functions a. energy storage b. structure c. metabolic - enzymes d. transport e. immunity 1** - Higher Levels of Structure. Amino end. Amino acid subunits. Primary Structure: the AA sequence. LE 5-20a. Carboxyl end.

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C. Proteins 1. Structure 2. Functions a. energy storage b. structure

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  1. C. Proteins 1. Structure 2. Functions a. energy storage b. structure c. metabolic - enzymes d. transport e. immunity 1** - Higher Levels of Structure

  2. Amino end Amino acid subunits Primary Structure: the AA sequence LE 5-20a Carboxyl end

  3. Secondary Structure: Helices and Sheets LE 5-20b b pleated sheet Amino acid subunits  helix

  4. The spiral strands (capture strands) are elastic, stretching in response to wind, rain, and the touch of insects. Abdominal glands of the spider secrete silk fibers that form the web. LE 5-20c The radiating strands, made of dry silk fibers, maintain the shape of the web. Spider silk: a structural protein Containing b pleated sheets

  5. Tertiary Structure: Folded / "Globular" LE 5-20d Hydrophobic interactions and van der Waals interactions Polypeptide backbone Hydrogen bond Disulfide bridge Ionic bond

  6. Quaternary Structure: > 1 protein bond together Polypeptide chain LE 5-20e b Chains Iron Heme a Chains Hemoglobin Polypeptide chain Collagen

  7. Atoms and Bonds I. Atoms II. Bonds III. Biologically Important Molecules A. Water B. Carbohydrates C. Proteins D. Lipids

  8. D. Lipids 1. Structure monomer = fatty acid Mammal, bird, reptile fats - saturated - solid at room temp Plants, fish - often unsaturated - liquid at room temp. Unsaturated fats can be 'hydrogenated' (peanut butter)

  9. D. Lipids 1. Structure monomer = fatty acid

  10. D. Lipids 1. Structure transfats associated with atherosclerosis

  11. D. Lipids 1. Structure - glycerol... and binding LE 5-11a Fatty acid (palmitic acid) Glycerol Dehydration reaction in the synthesis of a fat

  12. D. Lipids 1. Structure polymer = fat (triglyceride)

  13. D. Lipids 1. Structure polymer = fat (triglyceride) phospholipid

  14. D. Lipids 1. Structure 2. Function

  15. D. Lipids 1. Structure 2. Function a. energy storage - long term - densely packed bonds

  16. D. Lipids 1. Structure 2. Function a. energy storage - long term - densely packed bonds b. Cell membranes

  17. D. Lipids 1. Structure 2. Function a. energy storage - long term - densely packed bonds b. Cell membranes c. insulation

  18. D. Lipids 1. Structure 2. Function a. energy storage - long term - densely packed bonds b. Cell membranes c. insulation d. homones and cholesterol derivatives

  19. Atoms and Bonds I. Atoms II. Bonds III. Biologically Important Molecules A. Water B. Carbohydrates C. Proteins D. Lipids E. Nucleic Acids (later)

  20. CELL BIOLOGY - Overview: Material/Energy is absorbed across the membrane (life is cellular)

  21. CELL BIOLOGY - Overview: Material/Energy is absorbed across the membrane (life is cellular) It is metabolized - energy and products are harvested. (metabolism)

  22. CELL BIOLOGY - Overview: Material/Energy is absorbed across the membrane (life is cellular) It is metabolized - energy and products are harvested. (metabolism) The energy (and some products of digestion) are used to:

  23. CELL BIOLOGY - Overview: Material/Energy is absorbed across the membrane (life is cellular) It is metabolized - energy and products are harvested. (metabolism) The energy (and some products of digestion) are used to: 1) build proteins (growth) which allow response.

  24. CELL BIOLOGY - Overview: Material/Energy is absorbed across the membrane (life is cellular) It is metabolized - energy and products are harvested. (metabolism) The energy (and some products of digestion) are used to: 1) build proteins (growth) which allow response. 2) replicate DNA and divide (cell division and reproduction)

  25. CELL BIOLOGY - Overview: Material/Energy is absorbed across the membrane (life is cellular) It is metabolized - energy and products are harvested. (metabolism) The energy (and some products of digestion) are used to: 1) build proteins (growth) which allow response. 2) replicate DNA and divide (cell division and reproduction) Which produces patterns of genetic relatedness among cells and organisms(evolutionary history)

  26. CELL BIOLOGY - Overview: A. Membranes - how stuff get in/out of cells 1. Structure

  27. CELL BIOLOGY - Overview: A. Membranes - how stuff get in/out of cells 1. Structure - phospholipids LE 7-2 WATER Hydrophilic head Hydrophobic tail WATER

  28. LE 7-5 Lateral movement (~107 times per second) Flip-flop (~ once per month) Movement of phospholipids Viscous Fluid Saturated hydro- carbon tails Unsaturated hydrocarbon tails with kinks Membrane fluidity Cholesterol Cholesterol within the animal cell membrane

  29. Fibers of extracellular matrix (ECM) LE 7-7 Glycoprotein Carbohydrates Glycolipid EXTRACELLULAR SIDE OF MEMBRANE Cholesterol Microfilaments of cytoskeleton proteins CYTOPLASMIC SIDE OF MEMBRANE

  30. CELL BIOLOGY - Overview: A. Membranes - how stuff get in/out of cells 1. Structure 2. Functions

  31. LE 7-9a Signal Enzymes Receptor ATP Enzymatic activity Transport Signal transduction

  32. LE 7-9b Glyco- protein Attachment to the cytoskeleton and extra- cellular matrix (ECM) Cell-cell recognition Intercellular joining

  33. CELL BIOLOGY - Overview: A. Membranes - how stuff get in/out of cells 1. Structure 2. Functions Types of "transport"

  34. Types of "transport" - DIFFUSION LE 7-11a Molecules of dye Membrane (cross section) WATER Net diffusion Net diffusion Equilibrium Diffusion of one solute

  35. Types of "transport" - DIFFUSION LE 7-11b Net diffusion Net diffusion Equilibrium Equilibrium Net diffusion Net diffusion Diffusion of two solutes

  36. Lower concentration of solute (sugar) Higher concentration of sugar Same concentration of sugar LE 7-12 H2O Selectively permeable mem- brane: sugar mole- cules cannot pass through pores, but water molecules can - OSMOSIS: diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane from HI to LO water potential Water Potential: as solute conc. increases as pressure increases Osmosis

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