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Cold War Terms

Cold War Terms. Quiz Friday 2/11/11. Origins of the Cold War. Cold War (1945-1990) Confrontation and competition between the US and USSR with actual fighting taking place between nations that the rivals supported

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Cold War Terms

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  1. Cold War Terms Quiz Friday 2/11/11

  2. Origins of the Cold War • Cold War (1945-1990) Confrontation and competition between the US and USSR with actual fighting taking place between nations that the rivals supported • Yalta Conference (Feb 1945) Meeting with FDR, Stalin and Churchill that made plans for the world post WWII • Germany Divided– After the war Germany was divided into four zones controlled by France, England, the US and USSR. The capital of Berlin was also divided. • Potsdam Conference (July 1945) Truman’s first meeting with Stalin where he needed to show strength. Soviets wanted Germany to pay reparations, Truman rejected this. • satellite nations – Eastern European nations not directly under Soviet control but these communist nations stayed loyal to Russia. • The Iron Curtain – Winston Churchill proclaimed the line that divided Eastern Europe (communist) from Western Europe (capitalist), marking the start of the Cold War.

  3. The Cold War Berlin • containment – Truman’s strategy to deal with communism by limiting (containing) it to where it already was, but not to let it spread. • Truman Doctrine – Truman’s promise to aid any nation that was resisting communism and planned to be democratic / communist (began in Greece and Turkey) • The Marshall Plan– $13 billion in aid offered to Europe from the US to aid in recovery (rejected by communists) • Berlin Airlift – The Soviets cut off ground supplies to Berlin so the US flew aid in around the clock for 11 months. • North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Mutual defense alliance of democratic (Western) nations • Warsaw Pact – communist response to NATO which created an alliance between Eastern (communist) nations

  4. Cold War-Korea • Mao Zedong – Chinese communist leader who gained power in 1949 to establish The People’s Republic of China • Taiwan – small island home of the Chinese Nationalists that fled communist China led by Chiang Kai-shek • Occupation of Japan– the United States encouraged the rapid democratic/capitalist development of Japan in order to prevent the spread of communism from China • The Korean War – (1950-53) Post WWII Korea divided at the 38th Parallel between communist and capitalist • North Korea Attacks – (6/25/50) an attempt to unify Korea under communism • The UN Intervenes – led by the U.S. a UN peacekeeping force drives North Koreans towards China • China Attacks – feeling threatened by the UN, China invades into North Korea driving UN troops to the 38th P • MacArthur Fired encouraged the use of nuclear weapons to end the war and disobeyed Truman’s orders

  5. Cold War- Atomic IKE • more bang for the buck” – Eisenhower’s argument for investing in nuclear weapons rather than conventional ones • massive retaliation – Ike’s belief that you had to be willing to use nuclear weapons in order for them to be effective • Sputnik – (Oct 1957) Soviets launch the first man made sattelite into outer space resulting in fears and insecurities for the American public • NASA – developed in order to harness America’s efforts towards the space race v. the Soviet Union • National Defense Education Act – the federal government provided more money for education to help the defense of the country (math, science, & foreign language) • “duck and cover” fallout shelters • gave a false sense of security that they could survive an attack and actually ENCOURAGED the use of atomic bombs

  6. Cold War-Brinkmanship • brinksmanship – the willingness to go to war in hopes that the opposing side will back down. This was justification for the nuclear buildup during the Cold War • End of Korean War – When Eisenhower was elected he threatened to use nuclear weapons to end the war. The Chinese and North Koreans agreed to the 38th Parallel • Nikita Khrushchev – became the new Premier of the Soviet Union after the death of Joseph Stalin • summit meeting – a proposed meeting between Khrushchev and Eisenhower in Paris that never happened because the Americans were caught lying about a U2 spy plane over Soviet airspace in 1959 • Military Industrial Complex – when Eisenhower stepped down from the Presidency he warned not to let the ones who build weapons have to much power in government

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