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Section 1 Fishes: The First Vertebrates

Section 1 Fishes: The First Vertebrates. Chapter 16. Bellringer. What are some of the physical characteristics shared by dinosaurs and people? Write your response in your science journal. Section 1 Fishes: The First Vertebrates. Chapter 16. Objectives.

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Section 1 Fishes: The First Vertebrates

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  1. Section1 Fishes: The First Vertebrates Chapter 16 Bellringer What are some of the physical characteristics shared by dinosaurs and people? Write your response in your science journal.

  2. Section1 Fishes: The First Vertebrates Chapter 16 Objectives • List the four common body parts of chordates. • Describe the two main characteristics of vertebrates. • Explain the difference between an ectotherm and an endotherm. • Describe four traits that fishes share. • Describe the three classes of living fishes, and give an example of each.

  3. Section1 Fishes: The First Vertebrates Chapter 16 Chordates • Animals that have a backbone are calledvertebrates. • Vertebrates belong to the phylum chordata. • While vertebrates make up the largest group of chordates, some chordates, such as lancelets and tunicates, do not have a backbone. • The four particular body parts shared by chordates are illustrated on the next slide.

  4. Section1 Fishes: The First Vertebrates Chapter 16

  5. Section1 Fishes: The First Vertebrates Chapter 16 Vertebrate Characteristics • Fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals are vertebrates. • Vertebrates have a backbone which is a strong, flexible column of bones called vertebrae. • Vertebrates have a well-developed head protected by a skull. The skull can be made of either bone or cartilage.

  6. Section1 Fishes: The First Vertebrates Chapter 16 Are Vertebrates Warm or Cold? • All vertebrates need to live at the proper temperature. Animals have different ways to keep their body at the right temperature. • Staying WarmAn Endotherm is an animal that can use heat from chemical reactions in the body’s cells to maintain a constant body temperature. • Birds and mammals are endotherms. These animals are sometimes called warmblooded.

  7. Section1 Fishes: The First Vertebrates Chapter 16 Are Vertebrates Warm or Cold? continued • Cold Blood?An ectotherm is an organism that needs sources of heat outside of itself. Their body temperature changes as the temperature of the environment changes. • Nearly all amphibians, reptiles, and fishes are ectotherms. These animals are sometimes called coldblooded.

  8. Section1 Fishes: The First Vertebrates Chapter 16 Fish Characteristics, continued • Making Sense of the WorldFishes have a brain that keeps track of information coming in from the senses. • Most fishes also have a lateral line system. The lateral line is a row or rows of tiny sense organs on the side of fishes that detect water vibration. • Underwater BreathingFishes use their gills to breathe. Agillis respiratory organ in which oxygen from the water is exchanged with carbon dioxide from the blood.

  9. Section1 Fishes: The First Vertebrates Chapter 16 Fish Characteristics

  10. Section1 Fishes: The First Vertebrates Chapter 16 Fish Characteristics, continued • Making More Fishes Most fishes reproduce by external reproduction. The female lays unfertilized eggs in the water, and the male drops sperm on them. • Some species of fishes have internal fertilization. The male deposits sperm inside the female. • Most females then lay eggs with embryos inside of them. In some species, the embryos develop inside the female.

  11. Section1 Fishes: The First Vertebrates Chapter 16 Kinds of Fishes • There are five different classes of fishes. Two of these classes are now extinct. • The three classes of fishes that are still alive today are jawless fishes, cartilaginous fishes, and bony fishes.

  12. Section1 Fishes: The First Vertebrates Chapter 16 Kinds of Fishes, continued • Jawless FishesThe two kinds of modern jawless fishes are hagfish and lampreys. • Hagfish and lampreys are eel-like. They have smooth slimy skin and a round, jawless mouth. • Jawless fish have a notocord but no backbone.

  13. Section1 Fishes: The First Vertebrates Chapter 16 Kinds of Fishes, continued • Cartilaginous FishesIn most vertebrates, soft cartilage in the embryo is slowly replaced by bone. But in sharks, skates, and rays, the skeleton never changes to bone. So, they are called cartilaginous fishes. • Cartilaginous fishes have fully functional jaws. • Cartilaginous fishes store a lot of oil in their livers to help them float.

  14. Section1 Fishes: The First Vertebrates Chapter 16 Kinds of Fishes, continued • Bony Fishes The largest class of fishes is the bony fishes. These fishes have a skeleton made of bone and a body made of bony scales. • Bony fishes have a swim bladder. A swim bladder is a gas-filled sac that is used to control buoyancy.

  15. Section1 Fishes: The First Vertebrates Chapter 16 Kinds of Fishes, continued • There aretwo groups of bony fishes. Ray-finned fishes have pairs of fins supported by thin rays of bone. • Lobe-finned fishes have fins that are muscular and thick.

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