Sustainable Management Resources Inc

1. Sustainable Management Resources Inc Join SMRI as we work on: “Creating a Sustainable New Economy” SMRI, San Diego CA, ~ 858.229.0149 ~ Steve Kaplan ~ Steve@SustainableMRI.com

2. Basics of Cooling Tower Water Treatment • Cooling towers reduce water temperature through evaporation, a high-energy phase change • Only water leaves the system as a vapor, mineral content remains • Minerals dissolve until the saturation point is reached, then scale begins to form • When the mineral content is twice the level of the makeup water supply- 2 cycles of concentration have been reached SMRI, San Diego CA, ~ 858.229.0149 ~ Steve Kaplan ~ Steve@SustainableMRI.com

3. Basics of Cooling Tower Water Treatment • Conductivity is the measure of dissolved solids • pH is the measure of the relative acidity or basicity of the water • These 2 parameters are convenient methods to monitor and control scale formation and corrosion SMRI, San Diego CA, ~ 858.229.0149 ~ Steve Kaplan ~ Steve@SustainableMRI.com

4. Causes of lost efficiency • Calcium carbonate is the most common type of scale • Calcium Carbonate Scale- 1/10” causes loss of efficiency of up to 40% • Corrosion- Causes loss of heat transfer and leaks • Biological growth- causes loss of heat transfer and can cause disease SMRI, San Diego CA, ~ 858.229.0149 ~ Steve Kaplan ~ Steve@SustainableMRI.com

5. Control through Water Treatment • Scale inhibitors- increase solubility • Acid reacts with carbonates and releases CO2, increases saturation point  • Softeners remove Ca and Mg (scaling cations) • Corrosion inhibitors- coat or react specifically with certain metals • Biocides- slug dosed or continuously fed for bacterial control SMRI, San Diego CA, ~ 858.229.0149 ~ Steve Kaplan ~ Steve@SustainableMRI.com

6. Monitoring and Control • Conductivity, pH, ORP and corrosion • Chemicals levels and feed verification • Temperatures- inlet and outlet of tower, inlet and outlet of chiller , chilled water, etc • Flows- through tower, chiller, etc • Pressures- chillers • Makeup and bleed-off water meters-ROI SMRI, San Diego CA, ~ 858.229.0149 ~ Steve Kaplan ~ Steve@SustainableMRI.com

7. Water Evaporation Credits • Evaporation = (Tonnage) x (0.03) x (% load)  • Example- 1000 tons x .03 x .70 = 21 gpm  • Based on a 12 hour day- evaporation = 15,120 gallons • On a yearly basis (260 days) that is 3,931,200 gallons of evaporated water • 3,931,000 gallons x $2.75 per 1000 gals of water* = $10,810.00 per year savings  *Low estimate for most areas and increasing yearly SMRI, San Diego CA, ~ 858.229.0149 ~ Steve Kaplan ~ Steve@SustainableMRI.com

8. Bleed-off Reduction • Bleedoff = Evaporation Cycles of concentration-1 3,931,000 gallons = 2,620,666 gallons bleedoff annually 2.5 (cycles of conc)-1  • Using acid or side stream softening: • 3,931,000 gallons = 1,123,142 gallons bleedoff 4.5(cycles of conc)-1 • 1,497,524 gallons of water saved from the sewer= $4,118 • At a cost of $4.00 per 1000 gallons of treatment= $5,990 • Total saved from acid use or softening= $10,108 annually SMRI, San Diego CA, ~ 858.229.0149 ~ Steve Kaplan ~ Steve@SustainableMRI.com

9. Cooling Tower schematic Typical Cooling Tower Installation 4-20mA In Corrosion DI In DI In

10. SMRI, San Diego CA, ~ 858.229.0149 ~ Steve Kaplan ~ Steve@SustainableMRI.com

11. www.SustainableMRI.com Thank you SMRI, San Diego CA, ~ 858.229.0149 ~ Steve Kaplan ~ Steve@SustainableMRI.com