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National Centre for Remote Sensing - TUNISIA. OPTIMA Optimisation for Sustainable Water Resources Management. Tunisian case study. Malta kick-off meeting. October 28, 29 th 2004. 1/2. Water resources state. Water resources are unevenly distributed in geographic and seasonal terms
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National Centre for Remote Sensing - TUNISIA OPTIMA Optimisation for SustainableWater Resources Management Tunisian case study Malta kick-off meeting October 28, 29th 2004
1/2 Water resources state • Water resources are unevenly distributed in geographic and seasonal terms • (Over 77% of the volume of dam water is stored in the North) • Population growth and socio-economic development: growth in water need • Increasing pressure on the country capacity to provide this scarce resource • Renewable groundwater is estimated to be about 1319 million m3/ year
2/2 Connections (overall) Drinkable water (provision)…………………………….96,4% Drinkablewater (household connection)………….79,1% Annual water Demand per sector and per inhabitant: Irrigation: 425 m3/year Domestic: 55 m3/year Industry : 35 m3/year • North: satisfying • South: lack of resources Sanitation (urban) Connection rate………………………………………….81% Water consumption : Water consumption in urban environment…….109 L/day/Inh
Price range m3/term Fixed Fees/term 0,135/DT/m3 Water cost [0 – 20] 0,017/DT/m3 1,310 Sanitation fees 0 20 0,215/DT/m3 [21 – 40] 1,310DT 0,028 0,170 20 0 40 0,215/DT/m3 0,430/DT/m3 [41 – 70] 3,860DT 0,028 0,170 0,269 20 0 40 70 0,430 0,650 [71 – 150] 7,600DT 0,170 0,269 0,445 20 0 70 150 0,650 0,790 [> 150] 0,269 0,445 0,497 7,820DT 0,170 20 0 70 150 [150, …] Water & waste water pricing: Exemple: 0.135 x 10m3 + 0.017 m3 x 10 + 1.310 = 2.830 DT 1 DT = 0.65 €
1/2 Water resources Issues Exploitation Over exploitation of surface and groundwater • Urban extension generates a conflict between : • Water consumption, • Water Waste • Intensive irrigation using different kinds of water: • Drinkable water, • Treated water • Drilled water (superficial and deep wells)
2/2 36 billion m3/year Quality • High salinity: • Salinity ratio < 1.5g/l : reserved for drinking water : 83% • 1.5g/l < salinity ration <5g/l : can be used for irrigation of resistant crop type 14 % • >5g/l : desalinization : 3 % Capacity Evaporation: 80 %!!!!! 4,570 Billion m3 /year 2,7 Billion m3/year: surface water 1,870 Billion m3/year: Ground water
Tunisian Water Policy • Skill development to satisfy water demand without rationning water • Diversification of hydraulic infrastructure to retain and manage Water Resources • Progressive law adaptation • Water is institutionalised and managed by 3 ministries
Key Stakeholders Ministry of E.T.P Ministry of A.E.H.R Ministry of Public Health Laboratories and units SONEDE DGAT ANPE CRDA ONAS DGRE APAL DEGTH Regional Agencies Regional Agencies
Key End-users Agriculture • The major consumer of Land and Water • Irrigated lands represent about a third of the hole agricultural areas • Agriculture now uses about 83% of the country’s water resources • Constitues a major source of pollution by nitrogen, phosphates and pesticides.
Tourism • The touristic sector water consumption: 4.5 Mm3/year (30 Mm3 / year) Householders • The drinking water supply consumption: 175.1 Mm3/year (380 Mm3 / year) Industry • The industrial sector water consumption: 69.2 Mm3/year (110 Mm3 / year) Wastewater is estimated to be about 275 Mm3 / year
Case study Gulf of Tunis
Area: 630 km2 Coastline length: 53 km Case study State Area: 1140 km2 Coastline length: 100 km Extent: fromRas Sidi Ali Mekki to Ras Fartas Coastline Type: wide and numerous sandy beaches Marine bottom Type: Sandy and muddy
Case study state • The increase in the economic and human activities terribly affects the coastline • Two major rivers flow across the Gulf of Tunis • 1. in the north MEDJERDA river (1000Mm3/year) • 2. in the south MELIANE river (230 Mm3/year) • The Gulf of Tunis undergoes: • 1. an urban development • 2. concentration of socio-economic activities • Domestic wastewater • Industrial wastewater • runoff water
Data collection 1. Geographic data • Maps in 1/25.000 Scale • satellite images in different resolution • (10 m, 2.5 m, and 1 meter) • Arial photographs • DEM in high resolution 25 meters • Coverages • View and simulation in 3 Dimensions • Land use maps
2. Meteorological data • Temperature time-series • Rainfall time-series • Wind speed and direction 3. socio-economic & bibliographic data • Statistics • National and regional reports ( state of environment – Land use Master Plans) • Studies
Conclusion • We carried out many profitable studies about the Tunisian Water Resource Management • The reports and results of much research study are difficult to be obtained from other institutions ( Lack of communication ) • Reinforce the relationship between local all partners Information-holders